摘编自：张晓林.让数字图书馆驱动图书馆服务创新发展——读《国际图联数字图书馆宣言》有感.中国图书馆学报[J],2010(3):73-74

1数字图书馆不是工具而是基础。

数字图书馆的出现及其不断创新，为图书馆更加广泛、方便、有效地服务社会带来了革命性的发展杠杆。在信息网络不断普及、数字内容日益丰富的今天，在新一代信息用户逐步成为网络一族和数字原生代时，在某些领域（例如前沿科研与教育领域）已经形成以数字内容为主的信息环境时，只有通过组织数字资源并提供网络化知识化服务，才能有效发挥图书馆丰富馆藏的效用，才能与迅速发展的数字信息环境和不断增长的新兴用户群有效结合，也才能充分利用数字技术提升用户信息能力。不应将数字图书馆仅仅看成是一种技术或者工具、仅仅看成是已有图书馆服务的简单延伸或者补充，应认识到数字图书馆对信息收集、组织、分析、利用模式的变革意义，它将催生和支持新的信息组织与服务的基础机制，创造和发展新的服务模式和能力。需要“跳出图书馆”来发展数字图书馆，才能把数字图书馆建设好、利用好、发展好。

2数字图书馆不仅是数字化资源与系统，更是新的环境与服务。

具体的数字图书馆建设的目标与方式将随着用户环境和时代的不同而不同，要“跳出图书馆”来分析和设计数字信息服务，避免用图书馆固有的模式和界限来限制用户的信息需求与利用。其中面临的挑战包括：

（1）开放集成各类数字内容。图书馆需要开放集成网络环境下的各类数字内容，根据用户的需求来有机链接所需要的内容及其分析利用工具，依托广泛、丰富和不断发展的开放信息环境来支撑自己的服务能力，使得自己的服务能够支持（而不是限制）用户动态变化的需求和行为，使自己真正成为信息社会的知识服务枢纽。这里需要的首先是观念的改变，从以图书馆为本转变到以用户为本；同时，需要调整数字图书馆建设的重点，加强资源与服务的开放集成；至于技术本身，其实并没有了不起的障碍。

（2）有机嵌入用户信息环境。以图书馆馆舍和网站为基础的数字图书馆服务仍将发挥重要的作用，但随着用户信息环境的发展，游离于用户过程和环境外的任何信息系统都难以真正发挥作用。

（3）有效支持用户知识活动。我们应突破文献数字化及其网络化检索传递的局限，利用灵活的知识组织体系把各类信息对象组织起来，开发和利用各个领域的知识挖掘与分析工具，建立专业的情报分析与知识挖掘服务能力，协助用户进行知识内容的发现、挖掘、试验和评价。这不仅是个技术任务，更主要是服务创新任务。

（4）积极推动良性数字信息环境的建设。仅仅从数字资源、服务和技术角度看待和建设数字图书馆是远远不够的，我们必须致力于建立有利于数字内容创造、传播、利用和保存的基础政策与机制环境。

充分利用数字图书馆提供的机遇和潜力，主动创新和发展图书馆服务，为社会发展做出更大贡献，这就是《宣言》对我们的历史意义。

附：IFLA Manifesto for Digital Libraries.http://www.ifla.org/en/publications/ifla-manifesto-for-digital-libraries （中文翻译见：许旭 译.国际图联数字图书馆宣言.中国图书馆学报[J],2010(3):75-76）

IFLA Manifesto for Digital Libraries

English | fran?ais

Bridging the Digital Divide: making the world’s cultural and scientific heritage accessible to all

The digital divide is an information divide

Bridging the digital divide is a key factor in achieving the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations. Access to information and the means of communication supports health and education as much as cultural and economic development.

The dissemination of information enables citizens to participate in life-long learning and education. Information about the world’s achievements allows everyone to participate constructively in the development of their own social environment.

Equal access to the cultural and scientific heritage of mankind is every person’s right and helps promote learning and understanding of the richness and diversity of the world, not only for the present generation, but also for the generations to come.

Libraries are essential agents in fostering peace and human values. Digital libraries open up a universe of knowledge and information, connecting cultures across geographical and social boundaries. The transformation of libraries as builders and hosts of digital libraries facilitates the spreading of skills in information and communications technology. This underpins the literacy, personal development and scientific knowledge required for social and economic change.

IFLA encourages local and national governments and international organizations to support and actively engage in the development of digital libraries, in the spirit of the commitments made at the World Summit on the Information Society.

Digital libraries

A digital library is an online collection of digital objects, of assured quality, that is created or collected and managed according to internationally accepted principles for collection development and made accessible in a coherent and sustainable manner, supported by services necessary to allow users to retrieve and exploit the resources.

A digital library forms an integral part of the services of a library, applying new technology to provide access to digital collections. Within a digital library collections are created, managed and made accessible in such a way that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities.

A digital library provides a mechanism for collaboration between public and research libraries to form a network of digital information in response to the needs of the Information Society. The systems of all partners in a digital library must be able to interoperate.

A digital library complements initiatives to develop digital archives for the preservation of digital content. In this way, a digital library helps to improve preservation of and access to cultural and scientific heritage.

Mission and Goals

The mission of the digital library is to give direct access to information both digital and non-digital in a structured, authoritative manner and thus to link information technology, education and culture in contemporary library service. To fulfil this mission the following goals are pursued:

Supporting digitisation, access to and preservation of cultural and scientific heritage.

Providing access to make the valuable information collected by libraries available to all users, while respecting intellectual property rights.

Creating interoperable digital library systems to promote open standards and access.

Supporting the pivotal role of libraries and information services in the promotion of common standards and best practices.

Creating awareness of the urgent need for permanent access to digital material.

Linking digital libraries to high-speed research and development networks.

Taking advantage of the increasing convergence of communications media and institutional roles to create and disseminate digital content.

Content creation, access and preservation

Building a digital library requires digitised content. Several countries are creating or have planned national digitisation programmes. IFLA strongly supports and encourages both national digitisation strategies and single library or partnership initiatives. Digitisation creates virtual collections bringing together material across continents. Digitisation also has a preservation role in the case of deteriorating original documents and media.

Within each library institution, the digital library serves as an environment to bring together collections, services, and people in support of the full life cycle of creation, dissemination, use and preservation of data, information and knowledge.

Interoperability and sustainability are key to the vision of digital libraries able to communicate with each other. Digital libraries that conform to commonly agreed open standards and protocols, improve world-wide knowledge dissemination.

Implementing the Manifesto

IFLA encourages national governments, intergovernmental organisations and sponsors to recognise the strategic importance of digital libraries. Contributions to large-scale digitisation programmes serve to make cultural and scientific information more widely available, and advance national and international digital library initiatives that will be sustainable over time.

Specific legislation and financial support from national and local governments is required to bridge the digital divide and ensure access for generations to come. Any long-term strategy must aim to bridge the digital divide and to strengthen the development of education, literacy, culture - and most of all – to provide access to information.

IFLA encourages libraries to collaborate with other cultural and scientific heritage institutions to provide rich and diverse digital resources that support education and research, tourism and the creative industries. Access to scientific and cultural information must be sustainable for our generation and for generations to come.

Consultation with stakeholders is essential. Designers and implementers of digital libraries should consult fully with indigenous communities, whose tangible and intangible cultural heritage it is proposed to digitise, to ensure that their rights and wishes are respected. The implementation of the digital library must also support equity of access to information by meeting the special needs of people who are blind or otherwise print-disabled.

Authorities should be aware that active planning for digital libraries at any level (national, regional and local) should cover the following issues:

Trained personnel

Adequate buildings

Integrated planning for libraries and archives

Funding

Target setting

National e-strategies, as recommended by the World Summit on the Information Society, could establish a firm basis for planning digital libraries.

Endorsed by the IFLA Governing Board

December 2007

A2K, Access to information

原文连接：http://libseeker.bokee.com/viewdiary.49247769.html