The early introduction of radiological nursing education into the basic nursing education system will be a very important issue. Nursing personnel contacted closely with clients (patients and general public) at any time were recently dubbed “key-person” in team medical care. The attitude of nursing personnel may influence the anxiety of their clients about radiation and its health effects. After the nuclear power plant accident occurred in Fukushima prefecture, it was evident that overall medical professionals in Japan, including nursing personnel, lacked basic skills in regard to radiation exposure and possessed defective knowledge on its health effects. The usage of radiation and radionuclides are increasing year by year in every field, particularly in medical field. The goals in utilization of the artificial radiation were maintain the safety of all exposed people including patients. At all exposure situations, the role of nursing personnel are to be accountable on site and to consult with clients, including patients, on radiation exposure and its health effects. There were many epidemiological studies about radiation health effects. Also research and development concerning radiation dosimetry has advanced greatly. Nursing personnel has to use effectively these information and technics during consultation with clients. In addition, it is necessary to start to train quickly the certified nurse specialist (CNS) in radiological nursing for the retention of teaching staff for radiological nursing education. Public health nurses also have to get particularly the skill on risk communication based on scientific data.