This study was to investigate previous researches on nursesʼ roles in radiation emergency medicine (REM) in Japan and to clarify how much is known on this subject. These 178 publications that were the target of the analysis were classified by the type of literature, their publication date, and the period in which they were published and then the number of publications was confirmed. Moreover, the subjects were classified after the content that was described. Besides the past nursing publications, nursing professionals have been included in training and practice for REM, have been given education, and have been included in the staff members who are on the REM team. However, there have not been any details or records of the roles of nursing professionals. It seems possible to clearly specify the roles of nurses in REM by accumulating more studies going forward. Moreover, once the nursing roles have been clarified and shouldered, clarifying the type of human resources that are required and the type of training to be conducted and education to be provided is essential. By reviewing and changing the existing system based on cases of past accidents and disasters, the roles of nurses that are required by their medical institutions will become clear.