Nuclear emulsions containing fine microcrystals typically exhibit low sensitivity to charged particles. However, the absolute assessment of the sensitivity of nuclear emulsions to charged particles based on physical quantities has not been previously addressed. A new method utilizing crystal sensitivity, defined as the ratio of the number of developed silver grains to the number of silver halide microcrystals per unit length tra- versed by charged particles, is proposed. Two types of emulsion plates with crystal sizes of 70 nm and 200 nm were irradiated with four dif- ferent types of charged particles with various energy deposition. The crystal sensitivity increased with increasing energy deposition in both emulsions. Notably, the crystal sensitivity of the 70 nm size was lower than that of the 200 nm size. The crystal sensitivity of the former satu- rated at approximately 50%, even though the latter at 100%. This low sensitivity can be attributed to significant recombination of elec- tron-hole pairs and, to some extent, re-halogenation enhanced in small crystals.

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n-Type thermoelectric (TE) materials are developed by incorporating Ag colloids with poly (amidoamine) dendrimers onto carbon nanotubes. A TE generator fabricated using alternating p- and n-type materials generates a power output of 4.2 μW at ΔT = 75 K. The new device can advance wearable TE generator sensors and imaging technologies.

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We investigated the effects of data hiding on the vision transformer (ViT), which is a transformer model, in this paper. In the field of deep neural network data-hiding, methods for protecting against piracy have been intensively studied for convolutional neural network (CNN) models. It has been observed that CNN models to which watermarking is applied show little effect in terms of model performance and train- ing convergence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply data hiding for ViT, which has a completely different architec- ture from the CNN model. We apply a quantization-based data hiding method to ViT and evaluate the effects on performance. Our experi- ments confirm that the proposed method does not cause ViT performance to degrade in terms of the classification accuracy and loss-function transition.

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A green metallic luster and a red metallic luster were observed from the film obtained by multi-step potentiostatic polymerization of 3-me- thoxythiophene. Compared to previously proposed electrochemical preparation methods, the polymerization time was shortened and the re- sulting film had a metallic luster of different colors. The transmission electrochromism of many conductive polymers is due to changes in the electronic state within the polymer chain, but the electrochromism of metallic luster is assumed to be due to changes in the electronic states within the polymer chains and the higher-order structure of polymer chains.

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