The Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology

A Case Study of a Practitioner's Narrative about Problems of Juvenile Delinquents.

Hideaki Matsushima

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 233-244
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.233

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In the study of juvenile delinquency, it is useful to consider not only the delinquent's behavior and family relationships, but also the practitioner's perspective which have practical implications. Analysis of how a practitioner at a juvenile group home oriented daily activities revealed the practitioner's construction of the problems of juvenile delinquency. There were four related characteristics in the practitioner's narrative: attributions of the family as a cause of delinquency, blaming of family members as responsible for training their son, description of the delinquent as lacking in basic social skills, and a focus on how the practitioner treated the delinquent. The findings were discussed in relation to the daily activities of the practitioner at the group home.

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College Students' Formation of Prejudice toward Divorce.

Noriko Odagiri

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 245-256
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.245

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University students (N=646) participated in a questionnaire survey about their feelings toward divorce and the children involved in divorce. The survey also assessed students' attitudes toward gender roles, marriage, child rearing and their family relationships. The first main result was that male students were more strongly prejudiced than female students against divorce and children of divorce. In addition, prejudice against divorce and children of divorce were related to students' attitudes concerning marriage and child rearing.

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Adaptation of Mothers to Children's Negativism and Self-Assertion : The Development of Mothers and Toddlers.

Hiroko Sakagami

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 257-271
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.257

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This article examined how mothers adapted to the negativism and self-assertion of their 2-year old toddlers. Data collected in semi-structured interviews (N=25 mothers) were categorized and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Many mothers (especially those of first-born children) were irritated by their children's increasingly defiant and assertive behavior. These women tended to use coercive control strategies, forcing children to obey them when children s negative behavior was intense or willful. They also used coercive strategies when they were busy or fatigued. Over time, however, mothers found new ways to cope both with children's negative behavior and with their own negative emotions. Many developed new control strategies to elicit children's understanding and compliance as children acquired new skills. Some mothers reflected on their own reactions from the perspective of the child and modified their reactions and expectations toward the children. The results suggested that mothers of toddlers can learn to coordinate their own perspectives with children's perspectives.

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Direct and Indirect Effects of Negative Spillover from Work to Family, on Depressive Symptoms of Japanese Working Mothers.

Tomoe Koizumi, Masumi Sugawara, Kyoko Maekawa, Toshinori Kitamura

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 272-283
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.272

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Participants in a questionnaire survey about stress were 246 Japanese working mothers and 131 non-employed mothers. Work-related stress and work hours accounted for negative spillover from work to family. Analyses of Variance showed a direct negative spillover effect on depressive symptoms. In addition, path analysis showed indirect negative spillover effects on depressive symptoms via both the marital relationship and stress over childrearing. An increase in the amount of negative spillover tended to cause greater marital discord as well as childrearing stress. Moreover, marital discord and childrearing stress in turn increased depressive symptoms. The implication of this study was that an intervention to enhance marital relationships and reduce childrearing stress can alleviate the effects of negative spillover on depressive symptoms. Reduction of work stress and work hours also appeared to be helpful for reducing negative spillover.

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Bullying in Early Childhood : Preschooler Aggression, Rejection Behaviors, and Teacher Intervention.

Miho Hatakeyama, Akira Yamazaki

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 284-293
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.284

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This study examined first whether preschoolers' aggressive and rejecting behaviors had the three properties of bullying: number of assailants, continuation of aggressive and rejecting behaviors, and remorse toward victims. It also investigated peer relations in relation to preschooler bullying, the modality of bullying, and a preschool teacher's intervention with bullying. Four- and 5-year old preschoolers (16 boys and 18 girls) were studied in natural settings over a period of one year, using episode analysis and network analysis. Aggressive and rejecting behaviors toward one girl were observed in 20 episodes, and fulfilled the three properties of bullying. The results also showed that bullying clearly existed at the school, and that preschool teachers' sensitivity to the signals of victims was important in the identification of bullying.

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Mother-Child Conversations about Kindergarten Friends, Teachers and Experiences : Conversation Topics and the Characteristics of Children's Speech.

Koji Komatsu

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 294-303
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.294

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This study examined mothers' reports of conversations with children about their experiences at kindergarten. In July and again November, mothers (JV=235) rated the frequency of conversations with their children concerning 15 topics, most often about children's interpersonal relationships. They also rated characteristics of children's speech in the conversations. The main findings were as follows. First, mothers and children talked often about children's interpersonal experiences at kindergarten; games, positive emotions, and children's talents were the most frequent discussion topics. In addition, the number of conversations about characteristics of children's friends increased between July and November, and discussions of how teachers benefited children were consistently less frequent in conversations with 5-year-olds than with 3-year- olds. Finally, repetition of topics and imitation of teachers or friends were more common for conversations with 3-year- olds than 5-year-olds. Children were very active participants in the conversations. Further study is needed to reveal the functions of mother-child conversations in daily life.

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Development of Judgments about Freedom of Speech among Children, Adolescents and College Students.

Mari Hasegawa

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 304-315
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.304

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The goal of this research was to understand why younger children are less likely to affirm freedom of speech than are older children, adolescents or college students. In Study I, 4th, 6th, 8th, and llth graders, and college students (N=176) made judgments about the legitimacy of laws prohibiting freedom of speech. With age, participants' mode of reasoning changed from focusing on the contents of speech, to a balance between speech contents and freedom, and then to a focus on the rights of the listener. Differences in mode of reasoning were associated with levels of support for freedom of speech, even after controlling for grade level. Participants in Study n were 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and llth graders (N=127). With age, participants tended to recognize freedom of speech as a social value, to rate the influence of listeners as weak, and to rate contents of speech as not serious. The association between these ratings and levels of support for freedom of speech varied according to the domain of the speech contents.

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[title in Japanese]

Takeshi SHIMIZU, Kojiro SHOJIMA

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 316-317
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.316

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[title in Japanese]

Takeo SAIJO

Article type: Article
2003 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 318-320
Published: December 05, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.14.318

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