The Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology

Cultural Identity Construction Strategy of Japanese Wives in Japanese-American Intermarriages : The Wife's Choice of Family Name Indicates a New Positioning as a "Strategie"

Rie Yabuki

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 215-224
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.215

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In Japanese-Foreign intercultural marriages, Japanese spouses can legally choose either to keep their maiden name or adopt their partner's surname after marriage. They can use different family names when they are in Japan and the U.S. In this situation, the family name functions as one of the tools that demonstrates one's cultural identity. In this study, to obtain qualitative information and ascertain the meaning of their family name choice, questionnaires and in-depth interviews were administered to 20 Japanese wife-American husband couples. Informants chose either a Japanese name, their spouses names or a combined family name. Wives' choice of family name indicated their new positioning (Hall, 1997) upon marriage. The wife consciously chose the appropriate family name for their situation. Choice of family name was a "strategie" (Bourdieu, 1979) to gain social advantage in their daily cultural practice. Therefore, the social and cultural identity of these wives was not totally static, but was partially self-determined.

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Family Members' Attributions of Marital Conflicts and Children's Evaluations of Family Functioning

Akiko Kawashima

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 225-236
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.225

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This study examined relationship among marital attributions, children's parental marital attributions, and perceptions of family functioning. Children (n=196) in a junior high school, along with their mothers (n=190) and fathers (n=160), imagined hypothetical spousal or marital conflicts and rated 20 causal statements. Children also responded to three scales from the Family Assessment Inventory. Three subscales were derived for children's perceptions of marital conflict (internal, external, and relationship attribution), and four were derived for parents' responses. Data from 131 families who completed the questionnaire were utilized in a path analysis. A path diagram was drawn to show the relationship among parents' and children's perceptions of marital conflicts, and children's view of family functioning. It showed that the relationship among these variables differed between girls and boys. Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between marital attributions and family functioning.

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The Effects of Praise Preferences on Motivation

Naoko Aoki

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 237-246
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.237

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This research dealt with the effects of praise from the perspective of children. In Study 1, preschoolers and first-grade children were interviewed with regard to episodes in which they were praised and the mode of praise they preferred. A developmental difference was observed in the performance of chores : preschoolers preferred to receive the feedback "Good" or "Great, " while first-grade children preferred "Thank you." Study 2 examined the effect of praise on motivation in a freechoice situation. Children participated in an experiment in which they helped a researcher make cards. They were subsequently given feedback in the form of "Thank you, " "Good, " or a nod. Following the feedback, the children were given a 5-minute period of free-choice time. The results revealed that preschoolers who received "Good" and first-grade children who received "Thank you" made more cards during the free-choice period.

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The Relationship Between Personality Development After Bereavement and Care Experience

Terumi Watanabe, Yuko Okamoto

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 247-256
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.247

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This investigation focused on personality development following bereavement and identified variables that were associated with positive change. Bereaved persons (N=424) and non-bereaved persons (N=40) answered a questionnaire concerning personality development after bereavement. The results revealed that the experience of bereavement may stimulate personal growth. Subsequently, only the bereaved sub-sample (N=424) completed another questionnaire, comprised of several items about personality development after bereavement, and about their care experiences. Factor analysis with Promax rotation for items related to personality development after bereavement produced 3 factors : "extended self-sensation, ""overcoming fear of death" and "concern with death + meaning of death". The personality items were related to gender, age, relationship type, age when bereavement was experienced, understanding of bereavement, frequency of care, and satisfaction with care. These findings suggested that personality development after bereavement was related to both care experiences and satisfaction with the care.

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Do Children with High Functional Autism Have a Different Theory of Mind than Normal Children?

Satoshi Beppu, Kayo Nomura

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 257-264
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.257

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Happe (1995) found that children with autism could pass the false belief task, representative of theory of mind, at a higher verbal mental age (9.2 years) than that of normal children (4 years). The present study examined which children with autism acquired the theory of mind, delayed or deviant, by asking children to select which box the protagonist would search and to explain verbally how they arrived at their conclusions. Participants were 60 normal children ages 3-6 years and 29 children with high functional autism with above-70 VC (WISC-III) and CA ranging from 6 years 10 months to 12 years 4 months. While some normal children passed the false belief task, they were unable to explain their reasons (level 1). Others passed and could express their reasons (level 2). In addition, in the case of children with high functional autism, all who passed could give the reason correctly, and none displayed reactions belonging to level 1. The discussion compared the intuitive mentalising of normal children with the verbal proposition mentalising of children with high functional autism.

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The Meaning and Value of Going Out, in Daily Lives of Elderly : Accompanied Observations with Local Elderly People

Kotaro Matsumoto

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 265-275
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.265

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To better understand elderly people it is helpful to focus on their activities. The author studied the meaning and value of going out for elderly people who lived at home, by accompanying participants when they went out for daily activities. While gerontology has mainly studied psychological functions within the individual, this study focused on the nature of actions and experiences of outings. The researcher accompanied 11 individuals, with a focus on describing their casual interactions while out. Descriptions of actions and experiences revealed the nature of (1) preparations for going out and (2) interactions with artifacts, places, environments, persons in situations, and the body with one's self. The results showed that elderly people encounter various otherness/information while going out. The mechanisms of an "encounter" (Reed, 1996a) and "implication and inclusion" were presented in the meaning and value of going out.

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The Concept of "Nakama" (Peer Groups) in Japanese Adolescence : Its Position within Personal Relationships Compared with Friends and Best Friends

Kumiko Namba

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 276-285
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.276

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This study examined the Japanese concept of nakama by interviewing a sample of 24 adolescents. Participants first rank ordered several terms that described relationships, according to intimacy, compared with friends and best friends. Study 1 revealed that nakama was the second closest relationship after one's best friend, and was composed of a medium-sized network. Study 2 asked interviewees to compare the qualities of their nakama relationships in their late adolescence to those in their childhood, and also to compare the nakama to friends and best friends. The results showed that nakama in late adolescence vs. in childhood were essentially different in quality. The interviews also revealed that the two basic dimensions of nakama were intimacy and network size. A third dimension (shared purpose/activity) was identified when nakama was contrasted with friends and best friends. Nakama, friends, and best friends were positioned by the two dimensions of intimacy and sharing purpose/activity. It was evident that sharing purpose/activity was the most effective dimension in differentiating nakama from other relationships.

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Regulatory and Preventive Factors for Mild Delinquency of Junior High School Students : Child-Parent Relationships, Peer Relationships, and Self-control

Akiko Obokata, Takashi Muto

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 286-299
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.286

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A sample of 1,623 Japanese junior high school students participated in a questionnaire survey about delinquency. The study first examined regulatory factors including association with deviant peers, child-parent relationships, peer relationships, and self-control. Association with deviant peers was a strong regulatory factor for students' committing of mild delinquency, and regulatory factors also differed according to grade level and gender. The data also indicated that child-parent relationships had a strong influence on children early in junior high school, while self-control came to have a stronger influence in the upper grades. Association with deviant peers was a strong predictor of delinquency, and preventive factors were examined by classifying participants according to whether or not they associated with friends committing mild delinquency. This comparison showed that greater self-control and more intimate child-parent relationships functioned as preventive factors for children who did not commit mild delinquency, despite their association with delinquent peers.

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How Itinerant Consultation Services Support Daycare for Children with Disabilities : A Model of Clinical-Developmental Consultation

Naoto Hamatani

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 300-310
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.300

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This study specified a model of itinerant consultation to improve the quality of consulting in nursery daycare, at facilities where children with disabilities were integrated. An analysis was conducted on an itinerant consultation system operated by consulting clinical-developmental psychologists. The consulting system had the following characteristics : (1) consultants delivered psychological service indirectly to children through nursery daycare teachers; (2) the relationship between the consultant and consultees was crucial to the consultation process; and (3) consultants regarded it as important that they assess the interactions of teachers and children with ecological validity. Six functions of support were extracted from a factor analysis of the evaluations of the consultations by teachers (N=241), and four core support functions were proposed. The results of an analysis of a typical itinerant consultation suggested that teachers referred to the assessment when they examined their nurturance, and referred to the advice of consultants when they produced plans.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 311-313
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.311

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 314-315
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.314

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2005 Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 316-318
Published: December 20, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 24, 2017

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.11201/jjdp.16.316

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