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Hironobu Yoshida, Ayumi Makino, Tatsuro Matsuoka, Atsuo Takeda
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
3-7
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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The geological feature of the man-made slopes in Kobe Municipal Sports Park is under the Kobe clay layer which is composed of weathered rocks and the pH degree shows high in alkalinity. Evergreen and deciduous seedlings were planted into the improved Masa soil layer more than 30cm thick upon the slope surface in 1980. Monitorings of the vegetative and soil condition were carried out in 12 and 20 years after a revegetative construction on the man-made slopes. As the results, the reforestation of a mixed forest with evergreen and deciduous trees was ascertained. Its basal area was checked as 11m
2/ha in 1992 to 16m
2/ha in 2000. In addition, it is confirmed that the soil solidity got lower and also the root distribution extended wider in 2000.
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Kazuo Takeda, Fujio Tsuchiya, Toshimi Muneoka, Takahiro Itoh
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
8-13
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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For the purpose of preventing frost heave damages to artificial slopes along roadsides in a cold district with less snow depth, we observed the frost depth of cut slopes facing four directions at a site and investigated the frost heave damages to those slopes over four consecutive winter seasons. As a result, we observed that the maximum seasonal frost depth was greatest on the slopes facing in the order of west, north, south and east due to the influence of solar radiation and snow depth. Further, it was found that greater frost heave damages happen on the slopes facing west and north, where not only the carrying soil for vegetation but also the natural ground are frozen. The geological structure and the ground water are considered to induce these increases in the amount of frost heave damages. We propose further investigation to develop construction and maintenance methods more suitable for the prevention of frost heave damages to slopes in that district.
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Naoko Matsuo, Yoshiko Kosugi
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
14-19
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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The ratio of the intercellular to ambient CO
2 concentrations (C
i/C
a), which is an index of the leaf-level control of the CO
2 and H
2O exchange between trees and the air, is one of the important parameters for quantifying CO
2 and H
2O flux over vegetation. In this study, C
i/C
a were calculated from in situ measurements of leaf-level gas exchange rates in a temperate broad-leaved forest in Akou, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, to examine the seasonal variation of C
i/C
a and the factors controlling C
i/C
a of the temperate broad-leaved trees. In results, the C
i/C
a of the evergreen trees (
Quercus glauca, Cinnamomum camphora and
Castanopsis cuspidata, ) decreased with growing, and the mature leaves had small variations in C
i/C
a. The C
i/C
a of the deciduous tree (
Quercus serrata) decreased with growing, and increased with senescence of leaves. The mean and standard deviation of C
i/C
a of the mature leaves of all trees investigated were 0.640 and 0.063. This result suggests that the mature leaves of the temperate broad-leaved trees had small seasonal and inter-species variations.
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Haruko Kuno, Kazushi Arai
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
20-25
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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We have studied the influences of temperature and relative humidity in a chamber on gas exchange rates of leaves of the 5 species of broad-leaved trees. On ANOVA of temperature and species, net assimilation rates and stomatal conductance of all the species were low at temperature of 35°C. Transpiration rates of
P. deltoides and
Castanopsis cuspidate were increased by the rise of temperature but with
Zelkova serrata they were remarkably decreased at more than 25°C. There were no influence of relative humidity to net assimilation rates, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO
2 concentration. But there was.interaction between relative humidity and species at stomatal conductance.
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Nobuo Fujiwara, Yutaka Yamagishi, Shigehito Muranaka
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
26-31
Published: 2002
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A basic calculating unit is needed to estimate an amount of carbon fixation by planted trees in urban area, therefore six species, thirty planted trees were analyzed by means of the stem analysis, and the growth process were clarified. As the result, wood growth had close correlations to tree height and diameter at breast height, and regression curve expressions were made. Furthermore, tree height and diameter at breast height were proportional to tree age. According to these correlations, the expressions for calculation of annual wood growth were made. The annual wood growths from these expressions are useful as a basic calculating unit for various size trees of each species. The form of expressions are as follows, Y= a{(X+c)
b−X
b}; Y: annual wood growth (kg/y); X: tree height (m) or diameter at breast height (cm); a, b and c: constants as each species.
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Toru Kashiwagi, Satosi Osawa, Kenichiro Fujisaki, Takehiko Katsuno
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
32-36
Published: 2002
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In order to manage a coppice forest floor, we need to know the ecological status of the floor.
Pleioblasyus chino is overwhelmingly a dominant species in coppice forests in the Kanto region. We used the Plant Canopy Analyzer (PCA), which can analyze the structure of a plant community in a wide area without destroying the plants, to measure the leaf area index(LAI). We tried to see the correlation between LAI and the existing biomass. The PCA method had resulted in higher correlation (p<0.05) than the method using the relative illumination in the non-forested area. We found that we can obtain higher correlation by taking away the LAI of tree canopy from the LAI of
Pleioblasyus chino. This method could be used for winter and it suggests that this method might be also used in summer by increasing the number of locations for sampling.
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Satoshi Osawa, Takehiko Katsuno
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
37-42
Published: 2002
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The movement of a threatened plant
Ludwigia peploidea ssp.
stipulacea in Kashio river eastern part / Kanagawa, was investigated from 1998 to 2001 over four years. The abundance of this threatened plant became 6 or more times in four years. Formation of the new sandbank accompanying precipitation with few first summers was participating in increase of its abundance. The stage was accepted in succession process an initial stage and the second half. The initial stage showed the appearance of community in which most sandbanks were covered with
L. peploidea ssp.
stipulacea. The stage of the second half showed the appearance of one, which served as order of
Ambrosia trifida L.,
Persicaria lapathifolia S.F.Gray, and
L. peploidea ssp.
stipulacea from the center of a sandbank in concentric circle toward a border. It was suggested that the abundance of
L. peploidea ssp.
stipulacea in each sandbank became the maximum immediately after shifting to a stage of the second half from an initial stage.
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Kimiyo Ichikawa, Hisayuki Maenaka
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
43-48
Published: 2002
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Based on the study of its habitat in Hyogo Prefecture and experiment cultivating and sowing the plant, this paper reveals the phenology of the vulnerable plant species
Potentilla discolor Bunge. As the result of this study, it is the polycarpic perennial that hasn’t been dormant and when new leaves emerged immediately after mowing. When the rhizome is separated, it formed individuals by vegetative propagation. Sowing and cultivating experiment, germination are three times, June to July, September to October, May to April from next Spring. By the phenology, the proper management for leafing and germination time is the most effective management method.
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Fuyuki Tazaki, Taizo Uchida, Junkoh Maruyama
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
49-54
Published: 2002
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For the production of young shoots of
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin., lateral buds attached to culms and rhizomes are elongated and provided as young shoots frequently in recent years. In this study, we investigated the rate of lateral buds elongated from the segments of culms and rhizomes as well as the growth of these lateral buds. Though no difference was observed between the rate of lateral buds elongated from culms and those of rhizomes, the growth was larger for the buds elongated from culms. We also compared the rate of lateral buds elongated from the segments separated from culms and rhizomes. It was larger in lower part of culms and almost equivalent in each part of rhizomes. In conclusion, for the production of young shoots, it is more appropriate to use culms than to use rhizomes. The lower part of the culms was also more effective for the production. In addition, the effects of temperature as well as the length of culm segments on the elongation of lateral buds were investigated. The length of culm segments influenced little on the elongation of lateral buds, but temperature influenced more on the elongation of lateral buds.
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Norito Okada, Takashi Shimomura, Takao Tanaka, Akihiro Hata
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
55-60
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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We examined the effects of planting intervals and training methods on the growth of 3-years
Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne. seedlings covering fences of various mesh sizes with measuring ratios of covering fences. The differences of planting intervals and training methods affected the growth of seedlings. The average ratios of covering fences in close planting plot were larger than those in sparse planting plot. The average ratios of covering fences in vertical training plot were larger than those in horizontal training plot. The differences of mesh sizes affected the growth of seedlings. The average ratios of covering fences in small size of a mesh plot were larger than those in large size of a mesh plot.
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Takashi Oyabu, Shozo Shibata, Manabu Shinhata, Yukihiro Morimoto, Sumi ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
61-66
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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This study evaluated the growth of two kinds of trees(
Buxus microphylla Sieb. et Zucc. and
Juniperus chinensis L. var.
procumbens Endl.) in four cold experiment areas and two kinds of trees(
Rhaphiolepis umbellata Makino and
Pittosporum tobira Aiton) in six warm experiment areas produced from same maternal tree in the same place, were planted in model retainning wall which a soil improvement condition is different. As a result, It became clear that growth of each kinds of trees were correlated with the weather factor of warmth index and highest temperature, were restrained due to snowfall and the fluctuation in the soil water by influence of solar radiation.Moreover, soil improvement increased the correlations and was showing good growth in the same experiment area.
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Takenobu Okumura, Kyoko Sawa, Hiroki Yabushita, Hiroshi Tanaka
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
67-72
Published: 2002
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Beds of andosol blown and beds mulched with straw mats were prepared to inplant on a banking of river bed material, which is designed to mitigate the esthetic defect of the huge concrete dam constructed in one of the main views among the national park. The investigation in detail for 3 years yielded the following knowledge: the latter can prepare good condition for flying invaders to establish; the former can prepare good bed for young seedling to grow; these resulted from the difference in moisture retention character and in temperature modification characters. Seed dispersal in a broad river bed and improvement of bed preparation with aggregating agent are discussed also.
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Daisuke Hosogi, Sotaro Yonemura, Akira Kameyama
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
73-78
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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The woody plants’ growth at the slope revegetated by using forest top-soil were investigated for 5 years after constructed. As a result, The total number of living woody plants decreased year by year. Most of number of withering individuals was
Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb. ×
B.papyrifera (L.) Vent., and other woody plants’ numbers of withering individuals were little, so the many individuals emerged after constructed survived.
Albizia julibrissin Durazz.,
B. kazinoki ×
B.papyrifera, etc. grew rapidly, and survived in bush layer of plant community in 5th year. The new individuals newly emerged was few, so it’s considered that individuals invaded from surrounding vegetation was few. This suggests that it’s effective to conduct intensive management of planting sapring etc., if emergence of barochore woody plant in surrounding vegetation is expected at the early stage.
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Akihiro Nakamura, Tokiko Kinugasa, Taisuke Jimmon, Shinji Taniguchi, H ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
79-84
Published: 2002
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Experiments of spraying top soil from 18 forest stands in Kansai district were performed to investigate the evaluation of revegetation using seed bank. Seedling frequencies of
Quercus serrata and
Q. variabilis which existed in many forests were low, but both frequencies of seedling and adults trees were high in
Eurya japonica.
Mallotus japonica and
Rhus javanica which were rare in vegetation had much soil seed bank density more than 7 seeds/m
2. So revegetation of spraying forest top soil might have the possibility of woody community establishment with these pioneer species. Species and diversity-area curves calculated from the combination of sub plots were useful to compare diversity between different plot area. When a plot has high species frequencies of low seed density, it is clear that the evaluation of species diversity needs a large plot area because species number is very sensitive to plot area.
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Masaki Hirono, Kazuto Shima, Kyozo Chiba
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
85-90
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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The regeneration of vegetation and maintenance of nutrient by treatment of cutting burnt stem and arranging it contour-direction was surveyed at a slope of forest fire. The amount of leaching was increased and concentration was higher than leaving area. The establishment of seedling was restrained, but after establishments increase of biomass was bring about. We showed that treatment of stem cutting was effective to be reforestation at the burnt forest site.
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Kazutoki Abe, Ushio Kurokawa, Shiho Asano, Takashi Okamoto, Kouji Mats ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
91-96
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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A great amount of volcanic-ach erupted from Miyake Island in 2000 destroyed vegetation on hill-slope, and mud-flows occurred in almost all torrents. A purpose of this study is to make soil erosion conditions of the deposited ash layer just after the eruption clear, empirically. A map of forest damage classes in 14.5 km
2 study area were drawn by an interpretation of aero photography. In each forest damage class, features with respect to sheet erosion were studied by a channel erosion experiment. As the experiments result for the most seriously damaged area in which only ash was deposited, 20 to 30 cm/sec of the surface flow, lower infiltration rate, and less eroded sediment than secondary damaged forest area in which ash containing with leaves and twigs was deposited were shown. A hazard area of the sheet erosion was simulated and mapped by the experiment data and Universal soil loss equation.
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Minako Chikamatsu, Yosihiro Natuhara, Yasuko Mizutani, Akihiro Nakamur ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
97-102
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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We examined the effect of gap clearance on butterfly assemblage in an urban park, Expo ’70 commemorial park in Osaka (98.5 ha). Butterflies were recorded in 15 × 15 m quadrat for 10 minuites at six gaps, six plots of woods interior adjacent to the gaps, a vegetable garden, and a turf. Average number of species, S and number of individuals, N were higest at the vegetable garden (S=13, N=55), gap (11.3, 40), woods interior (3.2, 7), turf (2, 6) in this order. Five species, including
Papilio bianor were recorded only at gaps, and gap changed the species composition of butterflies and increased the species diversity. Among four gaps where the sky rate was measured, N and S was highest at the gap where the sky rate was higest
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Naoko Miki, Akiyo Hirai, Keiji Sakamoto, Takashi Nishimoto, Ken Yoshik ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
103-108
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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To elucidate differences of physiological characteristics in
Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. saplings under different soil water conditions, diurnal changes of the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate, and the net photosynthetic rate for saplings under pF 1.8- and pF 4.2-soil water condition were measured. pF 4.2-treatment saplings tended to close the stomata and reduce the water loss constantly. However, no distinct differences in the net photosynthetic rates were observed between soil water conditions. These results suggested that pF 4.2-treatment saplings under long-term water stress maintained the high net photosynthetic rates with reducing water loss.
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Zülfikar Halide Candan, Keiji Sakamoto, Ken Yoshikawa
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
109-114
Published: 2002
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The ecophysiological characteristics of
Alnus hirsuta Trucz.,
Populus alba L., and
Taxodium distichum L. saplings under flooding conditions were examined. Flooding caused reduction in gross photosynthetic rate (Pg
max) and chlorophyll fluorescence yield and reduced the growth of the
A. hirsuta and
P. alba saplings. On the other hand, the reductions in gross photosynthetic rate (Pg
max) and chlorophyll fluorescence yield were small, and the growth was not reduced during flooding period in the
T. distichum saplings. The development of adventitious roots on the submerged stems was observed in the
P. alba and
A. hirsuta saplings. In the
T. distichum saplings, diameter growth of the submerged stems was accelerated under the flooding condition without the development of adventitious roots on them.
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Mitsuaki Matsuura, Tatsuaki Kobayashi, Yuriko Arita
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
115-120
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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The factors in the coppicing of the over-grown secondary forest of
Quercus serrata Thunb. was studied. Light condition and underlayer regeneration were surveyed in 50 logged quadrats with annual underlayer management after coppicing. The growth of sprouts, recent diameter growth and logged height were measured for all stumps of
Quercus serrata Thunb. in selected quadrats. The results show that the ratio of sprouted stumps was high in the quadrat with open canopy. It was low in the less grown stumps whose diameter growth less than 5 mm during recent 5years. It was higher in the low logged stumps with less height. The result of quantification theory second family using these three factors explained 83% of actual sprouting.
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Kanae Ishimaru, Hiroshi Takeda
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
121-126
Published: 2002
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Young
Quercus serrata saplings were shaded to elucidate changes in shoot characteristic as adaptation to light environment. In the second year, the first flush shoots of shaded trees emerged less numbers of longer and thinner shoots from the tip of parent shoot, compared to control. These characteristics were similar to that observed in second flush shoots of the control trees. By increasing specific leaf area, shaded trees retained same leaf area to control though allocation to foliage decreased. Shading treatment accelerated shoot elongation for trade off to the leaf mass and mechanical strength. Changes of shoot morphological characteristics were considered as the strategies to attain to environment with sufficient light rather than to survive in understory since
Q. serrata is photophylic species that is hard to survive under weak light condition.
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Kenichi Matsubayashi, Jun Nemoto, Hiroshi Momose, Nobuo Fujiwara, Yosh ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
127-131
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 27, 2004
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A vegetation map expresses the distribution of a plant community as a map. In recent years, along with increasing demand for vegetation data, one approach for the creation of vegetation data, using high-resolution satellite imagery is expected to improve the mapping accuracy and overall vegetation data creation process. Using Ichikai-cho, Tochigi-ken as a study area, an investigation was carried out for 1/2500 scale actual vegetation mapping by visual interpretation using 4 m and 1 m spatial resolution imagery from the IKONOS high-resolution satellite. The investigation results showed that, in addition to a more efficient revision process, an actual vegetation forecast map with enough boundary accuracy could be visually interpreted from 1 m resolution imagery.
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
135-138
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
139-142
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
143-145
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
146-149
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
150-153
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
154-157
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
158-161
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
162-164
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
165-168
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
169-172
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
173-176
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
177-180
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
181-184
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
185-188
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
189-192
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
193-196
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
197-200
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
201-203
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
204-207
Published: 2002
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
208-211
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
212-215
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
216-219
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
220-223
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
224-227
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
228-231
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
232-235
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
236-239
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
2002 Volume 28 Issue 1 Pages
240-243
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