Here, we report a rare case of an exacerbation of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection following bronchoscopic biopsy.　A 55-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a chest radiograph abnormality. Chest computed tomography revealed a mass lesion with a cavity at the apex of the right lung, and so transbronchial biopsy was performed. On the following day, she appeared ill and febrile. Lung imaging showed a progressive consolidation. Therefore, antibiotic treatment (SBT/ABPC) was initiated for pneumonia, but ineffective. It was assumed to be an exacerbation of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, so we started antimycobacterial therapy. After that, the patient's overall condition and radiographic findings got improved. However, the re-exacerbation was observed a week after the discharge. Again, the improvements in lung images and symptoms were observed without change of antimycobacterial therapy.

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