At first, Kajin no Kigu was a good fruit of the democratic and civil rights movement. But after Tokai Sanshi got into the dark side of the political world, this novel came to lose the first generous interpretation and gain a strong tendency to the political argument. This is the problem of how Kajin no Kigu coped with the political dispute then. So, this essay tries to clarify the reason of the qualitative transfiguration of Kajin no Kigu by considering the relation between the work and political languages by the Tenno system.
Michikusa is one of the greatest masterpieces written by Soseki Natsume who continuously criticized the modern times of absolutism in Japan. This work depicts the discord and 'severance' between Kenzo, the hero and his wife, Osumi and also the strife with his fatal connection and relatives. The author, however, consistently criticizes the false intellectual and ethical superiority of Kenzo and sets him in the same field as his <alter ego> to describe the conflict and discord. But in the end Soseki seems to succeed in indicating the possibility of 'love' in the newly-formed deep structure of this serious but refreshing masterpiece.
In reading Hitofusa no Budo, a nursery tale by Takeo Arishima, it is the popular opinion that great emphasis should place on the teacher's 'power of love' that made the hero a mental growth. But when we take a new look at the narrative structure of this text, we find that the true hero is the school space itself. The presupposition suggested by Arishima, namely children as <alter ego>, requires the radical reconsideration of the school education system itself which is exploited by the modern Tenno system. And the soft structure of the Tenno system is also to be elucidated in this essay.
It was her husband in prison who gave Yuriko Miyamoto the firm conviction to resist the Tenno system as the national power without compromise amid the suppression by the Law for Maintenance of the Public Peace in Japan. Yuriko made her mental growth by regarding him as her <alter ego> or 'a moment of self-revolution'. But the twelve years of his imprisonment made her idealize him and gave her a disposition to yield a step for him and prevented her from having a truly equal terms with him. After reading her man-centered view found in the couples of Banshuheiya and Fuchiso and realizing the lack of her eyes to see it relatively, we find that even Yuriko is not free from the patriarchal ideology which is inseparable from the Tenno system.
Ken Hirano separated himself from the old affectionate world where his father and family lived and once seemed to have a new world of his 'alter ego' image. But it was broken to pieces by the strong 'fearful' <outer> power of 'America' at the late war period.After this shocking experience, he turned his eyes back again to the old affectionate world which was embraced by the Japanese 'Tenno system', whence he decided to start anew to the postwar world with his old 'regretful' experience rebuilt more realistically and internally.
'Mononoke' in the Eiga monogatari is related to the development of the Kujos and Michinaga's admiration by its relative function. ' Mononoke' seems to be handled freely, but this view is one-sided and cannot function as a social criticism. This 'mononoke' is different from that of the Genji monogatari and opposite to the Michinaga's admiration etc.. So this essay indicates its methodological limitation.