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Volume 58 (1995)
- Issue 6 Pages 518-
- Issue 5 Pages 428-
- Issue 4 Pages 316-
- Issue 3 Pages 209-
- Issue 2 Pages 80-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 58, Issue 6
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Hiroyuki KOBAYASHI1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 518-525
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrochemistry has played a very important role in studies on the processing. The results achieved and the problems to be solved by the electrochemical method were reviewed, and possibility of its further application to this field was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (996K) -
Hiroshi TABE, Hiroshi HAMANO1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 526-533
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt would be difficult to elucidate the initiation stage of development without the knowledge on the properties of latent image micro-clusters as a catalyst for the development reaction. The Redox potential distribution of the clusters in an exposed emulsion layer can be measured by means of the Redox buffer treatment. However, the location of the clusters in the emulsion layer and the distribution of the clusters on each AgBr grains can not be seen by this technique.
The computer simulation for the size distributions of the clusters on exposed AgBr emulsions was done on the basis of Hamilton and Bayer's model (N & G model) on the mechanism of the latent image formation, using Monte Carlo method. The modified N & G model was also examined, taking into account the regression of the clusters by bromine atoms. These distributions were transformed into excess potential distributions to silver potential through the relationship of the Gibbs-Thomson equation.
The calculated distributions of the clusters on an unsensitized AgBr emulsion and its sulfur sensitized one at various exposure levels were compared with the distributions experimentally obtained by a use of the Redox buffer technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (1165K) -
Nobuo MII1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 534-540
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe problems of environmental protection from photo-processing wastes had been started as water pollution by photo-processing effluents at the beginning of 1970s. After going through the pollution control to protect the environment of the area, they has now spread to the environmental protection of the grobe. This paper described firstly about the transition of the problems, and secondly, to treat photoprocessing wastes in the land, about the outline of a conventional and a newer wastes combustion systems, and a experimental hybrid wastes-treatment system combined with thermal and biological decomposition processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1044K) -
Shigeharu KOBOSHI1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 541-548
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo commemorate the 10 th anniversary of its No-Wash Minilab System, Konica has announced the system that will pace silver halide photography over the coming decade the ECOJET Minilab System, announced in June and marketed since July in Japan. Featuring fully automatic dispensing of tabletized chemicals, the ECOJET Minilab System is a revolutionary advance over conventional liquid chemicals. It slashes liquid wastes by half, for increased friendliness tothe environment, and eliminates plastic waste through a cartridge recycling program. And the ECOJET System requires no mixing, for skill-free operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (3999K) -
Toshihide EZOE, Kazunobu KATOH1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 549-554
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe accelerating mechanism of amine compounds on the reaction of DIR-hydrazine was studied. It was found that some amine compounds remarkably accelerate the oxidation reaction of the heterogeneously dispersed DIR-hydrazine. Such an accelerating effect was proved to correlate well with the accelerating effect of the reaction of DIR-hydrazine in the emulsion layer in development. The accelerating mechanism was discussed based on the fact that lipophilic amine compounds show stronger accelerating effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Hideo MIYAZAKI, Seiji SUZUKI, Katsumi IMADA1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 555-559
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFormerly, we investigated the pure cultures of two species of B-3 and A-1 biodegrading Fe (III) edta from Fe (III) edta-containing soils. In the present paper we will report on characterization of the microorganisms. Intact cell of strain A-1 had an ability to decompose Fe (III) edta of 50 ppm, and the rate of biodegradation was over 70% in 5 days. Washed B-3 cells adhered to diatomaceous earth also had the ability to degrade Fe (III) edta of 790 ppm, and the rate was 60% degradation in 2 weeks. Both cultures showed decomposition of significant amount of the various kind of edta chelates.View full abstractDownload PDF (677K) -
Role of Borate Salt in the Nucleated Infectious DevelopmentNaoki OBI, Kiyoshi SUEMATSU, Jun TAKEUCHI, Yasuhiko KOJIMA, Yasuo SHIG ...1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 560-565
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of borate ion in the pyridinium salt-nucleated infectious development process of a new high contrast system which consists of a pyridinium salt and Metol/ascorbate developer was studied from the viewpoint of photographic developability. It has been found that the nucleating developability depends on the ascorbate/borate molar ratio. When the molar ratio is smaller than 1. 0, the nucleating development takes place effectively to provide high contrast images. On the other hand, the ratio is larger than 2.0, the nucleating development is restrained. These results swere discussed in terms of a complex formation of ascorbate with borate ion. The complex formation controls the regeneration of Metol from the oxidized Metol and enhances the imagewise generation of an active nucleating agent by the reaction of the oxidized Metol with a dihydropyridine derivative.View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
Hiroshi KANZAKI1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 566-572
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the basis of the revolutional development of physics around the end of the 19th century, analysis is made on the progress of sciences during the 20th century, and predictions are presented for the status of natural sciences in the 21st century. It is concluded that the advance in sciences will be directed to the “combination and unification” among various fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
Masanori IYE1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 573-582
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first step of astrophysical observations is to take images of objects. In 1980s, the photographic emulsion plates were practically replaced with CCD cameras in astronomy, which enabled astronomers to make observation about 100 times more efficiently. In addition to this giant leap, infrared imaging devices became available in astronomy. This article aims to review the history and the present status of imaging devices and telescopes including the 8 m Subaru telescope under construction by National Astronomical Observatory and to show some selected astronomical pictures taken by modern imaging devices.View full abstractDownload PDF (18897K) -
Teiji HABU, Toshikazu NISHIDE, Yuji SUZUKI, Tetsuya KUREBAYASHI1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 583-588
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of lamination layers of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and of PVA including sensitizing dye NK-571 or silver bromide on photochromism of tungsten oxide films were studied.
Thin film of tungsten oxide was prepared by sol-gel process. This tungsten oxide film showed very weak photochromism in an experimental condition. We found photochromism of the tungsten oxide film was increased by the lamination of PVA layer, and more increased by the lamination of PVA layer including NK-571 or AgBr. We concluded that the former was due to effective charge-separation of tungsten oxide by OH group of PVA and H+ transition from H2O in PVA layer to tungsten oxide, and the latter was due to the electron transfer from dye or AgBr adsorbed to tungsten oxide.View full abstractDownload PDF (791K) -
Yoichi HOSOYA, Tadaaki TANI1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 589-594
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lateral and vertical growth rates of tabular AgBr grains at the critical supersaturation were measured as functions of their equivalent circular diameter (Dc) and thickness (h) and pBr values of reaction solutions. At low pBr, the lateral growth rate was much larger than the vertical one. At pBr=2.49, the lateral growth rate increased with increasing Dc. This result indicates that the diffusion of solute ions through the solution from the neighborhood of the main surfaces to that of the side surfaces contributed to the anisotropic growth of the grains at low pBr.View full abstractDownload PDF (4546K) -
Shixin ZHOU, Hideaki HANEISHI, Yoichi MIYAKE1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 595-600
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectronic endoscopic images can be sent to physicians at remote sites for diagnosis and consultation by means of telecommunication networks. It is very important to understand the relationship between the image compression ratio and the image quality required for an accurate diagnosis. In this study, images of normal, remissive and active stages of Ulcerative Colitis were taken by an electronic endoscope and compressed using the JPEG scheme. The relationship between compression ratio and the diagnostic quality of the images was evaluated. The results indicate that the compression ratios for which diagnosis is possible are different with the each stage of Ulcerative Colitis. It is clear that when compression ratio is 1/20 or lower, that impact on an accurate diagnosis is negligible.View full abstractDownload PDF (3352K) -
Hiroyuki HANADA1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 601-605
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparison is made between normal and gamma distribution models of density data, from which RMS granularity can be derived, using Akaike information criterion. The results of the comparison show that the gamma distribution model is suitable for film under low x-ray exposure conditions, and the normal distribution model is suitable for film which has a diffuse density of 0.62 or more.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
Minoru KANEGAE, Yusuke OKAWA, Hiroyuki KOBAYASHI, Takashi OHNO1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 607-614
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMolecular weight distribution (m. w. d.) of gelatin gives significant effect on physical characteristics of gelatin. Therefore, it is very important in photographic gelatin industries to control the m. w. d. of gelatin.
We have been studying the ultrasonic wave irradiation process as a means of controlling m. w. d. of gelatin. It is known from the past that cross links of gelatin are degraded when an ultrasonic wave with sufficient physical strength is irradiated on a gelatinsolution. The phenomenon of the cutting of cross links means a change in gelatin's molecular weight distribution, which means that the characteristics of photographic gelatin could be improved by ultrasonic wave irradiation.
From this view point, first We performed a kinetic study of the ultrasonic degradation process of fraction H, the largest component of gelatin. As the result, the process of the decomposition for fraction H became fairly clear. Next, we studied the ultrasonic degradation rate of individual fractions of fractionated gelatin in order to examine whether the former result applies to the lower molecules. In addition, when we observed an individual fraction to which the decomposition process is clarified by the above-mentioned experiments coexists, we set up and verified a hypothesis of the decomposition process of each fraction.View full abstractDownload PDF (984K) -
Kyouichi SUGIYAMA, Toshiaki TAKAHASHI1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 615-621
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hardening reaction of gelatin with 2, 4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine (DCT-Na) was studied.
The sol-components were extracted from gelatin film hardened with DCT-Na in warm water. The analyses of the sol-components were tried by means of Buret-method, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and amino acid analysis. It is considered that the results suggest that there are two kinds of crosslinking reaction of gelatin with DCT-Na.
The same analyses were done on the gelatin films hardened with DCT-Na, formalin and DCT-Na/formalin.
And the measurement of the molecular weight distribution of gelatin solution, which was treated with the hardener, was done.
It is considered that these results suggest the details of the hardening reaction of gelatin with DCT-Na.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
Yang-Hwan LIM, Hiroyuki KOBAYASHI, Shigeru SATO, Yusuke OKAWA, Takashi ...1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 622-625
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarbon tissues were exposed directly in the Bichromate-sensitizing solutions adjusted to desired pH values in the range 2.0 to 7.0. With acid-processed pigskin gelatins had higher sensitivities than with lime-processed cattle-bone gelatins (in all cases). Between those two gelatin types, the remarkable difference was not observed in the photoreduction rate of bichromate in its solution containing gelatin. On the other hand, the measurement of the thickness of the swelled gelatin layer suggests that the shorter distance between gelatin molecules results in the higher efficiency in the photohardening process.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Kazumasa KUROKAWA, Shinji NAMBA, Toru MIZUNO, Toshihiro KUBOTA1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 626-631
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain red light sensitivity in dichromated gelatin (DCG), it is very common to add methylene blue (MB), which sensitizes DCG. In methylene blue sensitized DCG (MBDCG), MB exists in two states: monomer and dimer. However, it has not been clarified which of two states contributes the spectral sensitization for the red light. In order to investigate this, two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, we recorded a hologram using MBDCG containing both MB monomer and MB dimer. The hologram is successfully recorded for red light. Next, we recorded a hologram using MBDCG containing only MB dimer, because we have found that it is possible to obtain MBDCG containing only MB dimer by increasing moisture in MBDCG. In this experiment, the hologram was not recorded for red light. With these results, we concluded that MB monomer may contribute the spectral sensitization of MBDCG for red light.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
Shohei AOYAGI, Shuei KURIHARA1995 Volume 58 Issue 6 Pages 632-633
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple and convenient tool, “a cap with a shaft” for prefreezing gelatin solutions in vials is presented. The weight-loss of several gelatins on lyophilization by use of the tool is compared with the moisture content by the regular assay.View full abstractDownload PDF (1660K)
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