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Volume 65, Issue 7
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Junji MATSUI2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 447-451
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSynchrotron X-rays from the SPring-8 ring which started supplying users with the X-ray beam in 1996 has been reviewed in terms of X-ray characteristics and application to imaging technology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1764K) -
H. YAMADA, T. HIRAI, Y. SONODA, T. TAKASHIGE, S. MAKI, D. HASEGAWA, M. ...2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 452-458
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe novel x-ray source named MIRRORCLE is based on a tabletop normal conducting synchrotron using a collision of circulating electron beam with a tiny target. It is demonstrated that the brightness is comparable to SR, its source point size can be a nano scale, the spectrum is very flat and dominated by hard compornents, and it is highly coherent. MIRRORCLE is useful for medical and industrial applications since this is tabletop and its electron energy can be less than 8MeV which supresses neutron generation. X-ray imagings taken by MIRRORCLE are demonstrated, which has many advantages compared with that of the conventional synchrotron light source.View full abstractDownload PDF (4777K) -
Mitsuru UESAKA, Takeru OHKUBO2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 459-462
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaser plasma X-ray, generated from solid targets irradiated by an intense short laser pulse, is an ultra-short pulse with the time-duration of about lOps and enables time-resolved measurements. We succeeded in the time-resolved Bragg X-ray diffraction analysis. As the next step, time-resolved X-ray imaging is under way using our 12TW50fs laser at Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory (NERL), University of Tokyo. We have to increase the X-ray intensity at least ten times more than present 3×104photons/cm2/shot at a sample. We are carrying out simulations of the interaction of a laser pulse with a solid target, which show that the number of photons become larger by controlling the plasma density distribution formed by the laser Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE). We are going to take time-resolved images of laser ablation of solids with the timeresolution of lops.View full abstractDownload PDF (1946K) -
Shigeru KASHIWAGI, Masakazu WASHIO2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 463-467
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the most promising approaches to short pulsed X-ray generation is a compact X-ray source using inverse Compton scattering. It is based on inverse Compton scattering between a relativistic electron beam and a laser pulse. The Compton X-ray source has many features, which are tunability of the wavelength, the spectrum distribution, the spatial distribution and the yield of the scattered photons. The characteristics of the scattered photons can be controlled by varying the collision angle between the electron beam and the laser pulse, and by changing energy of the electron beam or wavelength of the laser light. The features of the X-ray source using inverse Compton X-ray source and its application are introduced in this paper. Development of Compton X-ray source has been started at Waseda University, and recent experimental setup will be described in combination with the accelerator and the laser system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1693K) -
Fumio OKUYAMA2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 468-472
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField emitters comprised of aligned carbon nanofibers are shown to be promising as a primary electron source in an x-ray tube working in a nonultrahigh vacuum ambience. At a pressure of 2×10-7Torr, our nanofiber emitters continue to emit electrons for more than 30h, and yield better resolved x-ray images than do thermionic emitters, independently of whether the sample is biological or nonbiological.View full abstractDownload PDF (2951K) -
Eiichi SATO, Yasuomi HAYASI, Etsuro TANAKA, Hidezo MORI, Toshiaki KAWA ...2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 473-479
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIrradiation of intense and sharp K-series characteristic x-rays without bremsstrahlung rays and parallel radiography using a polycapillary plate are described. These x-rays were produced from the axial direction of the weakly ionized linear plasma and were diffracted and diffused greatly after passing through two lead slits. Next, x-rays were formed into parallel beam by a polycapillary plate (J5022-21) made by Hamamatsu Photnics Inc. with a hole diameter of 25 μm, and the parallel radiography was performed using a film (Fuji IX 100) and an imaging plate of a computed radiography (CR) system (Konica Regius Model 150). The image resolution was 50 μm or less when the film was employed in conjunction with a conventional x-ray generator with a tungsten-target tube. Finally, the quasi-monochromatic parallel radiography was performed using a plasma tube with a disk target and a tube having a transmission type target.View full abstractDownload PDF (4153K) -
Atsushi MOMOSE2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 480-484
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhase measurement using an X-ray interferometer and X-ray phase imaging based on it is presented. In conventional transmission imaging using hard X rays, insufficient sensitivity to objects consisting of low-Z elements is crucial relying on absorption. The method presented here has made a breakthrough in overcoming the problem by measuring X-ray phase shift, the interaction cross section of which is about a thousand times larger than that of absorption. The article describes the details on the imaging process including three-dimensional image reconstruction using X-ray computed tomography technique.View full abstractDownload PDF (3948K) -
Yasushi KAGOSHIMA2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 485-489
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe recent great advances in semiconductor technology have made it possible to fabricate high performance x-ray optical elements such as Fresnel zone plates, and along with the advent of supper brilliant synchrotron radiation sources such as the SPring-8, x-ray microscopes of very high performance have been in now practical use. There are two categories in x-ray energy for microscopes; one is the soft x-rays and the other is the hard x-rays, and they have the different features each other as probes of x-ray microscopes. Further, there are two main types of the instruments in x-ray microscopes; one is a scanning microscope and the other is an imaging microscope, and the two also have complement functions each other as microscopes. In this paper, the present status of x-ray microscopes is described with some practical applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (3087K) -
Kazuyuki HYODO, Masami ANDO2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 490-494
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors have been developing the two-dimensional imaging system for intravenous coronary angiography using synchrotron radiation. Objective of the development is to establish a safe and simple diagnostic method of lesions of the coronary artery system. An advantage of our system is that two-dimensional dynamic imaging of the cardiovascular system can be achieved by magnifying vertical size of the synchrotron radiation beam using asymmetrical reflection of a crystal. The detail of the imaging system will be described in this article.View full abstractDownload PDF (2512K) -
Jimpei HARADA, Masaru KURIBAYASHI2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 495-500
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImage contrasts observed in X-ray Radiograph have so far been understood as due to absorption and scattering of X-rays by sample material. In 1995 S.W. Wilkins et al. pointed out that phase contrast image is also included in it, provided a fine point focus. X-ray source is utilized so that it is possible to make out the figure even for fine hair shape materials with very low density. It means that Frenel diffraction images coexist in X-ray radiographs. Since then, X-ray radiography has been reconsidered on the basis of wave optical view. It is recommend to be referred to as “Modern X-ray Radiography”. X-ray Radiography has a long history since Roentgen invented X-rays. Thus, very many valuable related technologies have been accumulated until now By surveying those existing technologies it is pointed out that the fine point focus X-ray source has so far been also a key technology necessary for even Classical X-ray Radiography.View full abstractDownload PDF (3751K) -
The Edge Effect Due to the Refraction of X-raysHiromu OHARA, Chika HONDA, Akira ISHISAKA, Fumio SHIMADA2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 501-505
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhase imaging obtains sharp x-ray images from synchrotron radiation and micro-focus x-ray tubes. Applying this x-ray imaging technique through the use of a practical x-ray tube with a small focal spot size, we have improved mammographic image quality with a screen-film (SF) system. In this paper, we report on the application of phase imaging to digital x-ray medical imaging. To obtain computed radiography (CR) images, phase imaging at a magnification of 2x was conducted using a tungsten-anode tube with a 100 μm focal spot. When the CR images were returned to life size during printing and compared with conventional digital contact images obtained with the same x-ray dose, the phase images displayed greater sharpness and better graininess.View full abstractDownload PDF (2297K) -
Toru OCHIAI2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 506-510
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany amateur and professional photographers are frequently using color negative films due to the improvement in performance. We've developed new three film scanners “SUPERCOOLSCAN 8000ED”, “SUPERCOOLSCAN 4000ED” and “COOLSCAN IV ED”, and we've also developed and implemented in those scanners the new reproduction algorithm which reproduce positive images from color negative films. This algorithm has improved the reproduction of the negative film. We report this algorithm and its supportive technologies of high quality scanning.View full abstractDownload PDF (2157K) -
Tsutomu TAKAYAMA2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 511-515
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFARE is Canon's individual technology that it detects the dust and scratches on the film surface by the infrared light scanning and automatically removes these flaws from the scanned image. This paper explains about the key technology to realize FARE when film is scanned with the flatbed scanner.View full abstractDownload PDF (3850K) -
Kiyoharu MOMOSE2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 516-519
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe auther introduces latest technologies for high quality scanning and ease of use for flatbed scanners, which is available to scan films. Here explains that some technologies for CCD linear sensor to achieve both high resolution and rich tone reproduction with wide scanning area, automatic recognition of scanning originals for ease to use, and controlling a printer by communicating informations such as color reproduction and some enhancement.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Atsuhiro NODA2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 520-523
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe found that users of medium-format films want both high-quality and easy-to-handle film scanner. To achieve professional quality in specification, such as resolution, speed and dynamic range, we united various technologies in mechanism, electronics and software. Furthermore we made a lot of improvements for easy operation. With all that we have developed a new film scanner for both 35mm films and medium-format films, which we believe satisfies users.View full abstractDownload PDF (1401K) -
Yasuo TSUBAI, Takeshi MINATO2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 524-530
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe selected five typical hardeners for photographic use and investigated their hardening properties as a function of drying temperature. For each gelatin film hardened with them, the amount and the molecular weight distribution of the soluble fraction, the swelling ratio and the alkali-melting characteristics were evaluated. The films hardened with the rapid crosslinkers showed larger amount of soluble fraction, higher swelling and shorter time for alkali melting than those hardened with the slow crosslinkers. We also discussed the relation between crosslinking reactivity and the content of helices formed during drying. It was observed that higher the retardation of helix formation, faster the crosslinking reaction. The number of crosslinks was calculated by Charlesby's equation from the soluble fraction content of the films. From the difference of this number between cold-and hotdried films, we also estimated the contribution of the helix formation to the number of crosslinks. For cold-dried films, we estimated about 5 helices formed per weight average molecule.View full abstractDownload PDF (1130K) -
Kimiyasu MORIMURA, Yuji YOSHIDA, Hiroyuki MIFUNE2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 531-535
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activation energies of the long wavelength sensitivity of sulfur-sensitized cubic silver bromide grains were smaller than those of sulfur-sensitized octahedral ones. The activation energy gave the thermal energy for electron injection from excited sulfur sensitization centers to the conduction band of silver bromide grains. The electron trap depth of sulfur sensitization centers of cubic silver bromide grains was shallower than that of octahedral ones. It was considered that the concentration of interstitial silver ions in silver bromide grains influenced the thermal trap depth of sulfur sensitization centers. Desensitization caused by cyanine dyes on sulfur-sensitized cubic silver bromide grains was weaker than that on sulfur-sensitized octahedral ones. Sulfur sensitization centers formed on the {100} face were more effective for concentration and competition of latent image formation than those formed on the {111} one, owing to enhanced de-trapping of photo-electrons trapped at sulfur sensitization centers.View full abstractDownload PDF (788K) -
Kenichi KUGE, Ichiteru SUZUKI, Naokazu AOKI, Akira HASEGAWA2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 536-540
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen an exposed photographic film is immersed in a gold (I) thiocyanate complex solution for several to several ten days, a gold cluster grows on a latent image speck. Growth rates of gold clusters at different concentrations of the gold solution were obtained from the plasmon absorption of the clusters or from the cluster size. Both rates increased with increasing the gold concentration. Absorption spectra and size distributions were similar at a condition that showed similar absorption peak height with the combination of different concentrations and immersion periods. Characteristics of the gold clusters did not change with increasing the concentration and so there would be no change on the formation process. Analysis of growth rate suggested that the deposition of gold was a diffusion-controlled process.View full abstractDownload PDF (1397K) -
Takayuki UCHIDA, Shigeru NAKANE, Masao OHTSUKA2002 Volume 65 Issue 7 Pages 541-546
Published: December 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLuminance and luminous efficiency of Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) have been improved by inserting double buffer layers composed of two types of Phthalocyanine deposited by LB technique. The improvement in the characteristics is considered to be due to the formation of a stepwise energy level that enables smooth hole transport and injection.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K)
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