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Volume 66, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Yoshiro YONEZAWA, Atsushi YAMAGUCHI, Noritsugu KOMETANI2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 307-319
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCurrent topics of the structure, spectroscopic properties, excitation dynamics and photochemistry of dye aggregates have been reviewed. Five typical cyanine dyes and merocyanine dyes have been taken up; those having long-alkyl chains: oxacyanine (S9) and thiacyanine (S11), merocyanine (MC), and those without long-alkyl chains: pseudoisocyanine (PIC), benzimidazolocarbocyanine (BIC, TDBC), meso-ethyl-thiacarbocyanine (TDC, THIATS). The J-aggregate (JA) of PIC was first reported by Jelley and Scheibe in 1936. Since then, JA of PIC, BIC, TDBC, TDC, THIATS in aqueous solutions, in lowtemperature glassy matrices, in adsorbed layers has been successfully prepared. Kuhn's group discovered the JA of S9, 511, MC in LB films, which open up the research field of photophysics, photochemistry and molecular architecture of organized molecular assemblies. Nowadays, the J-aggregate of many cyanine dyes without long-alkyl chains can be easily incorporated into organic thin films (LB films, SA films), and polymer films by LB technique, alternate adsorption technique, and spincoating method, which enhances the exploration of linear-and nonlinear optical materials composed of organic dyes. Rapid progress of new techniques; cryo-TEM, confocal fluorescence microscopy, SNOM and AFM has enabled us to visualize complex supramolecular structures of JA. Particularly, suprastructures of PIC and TDBC in aqueous solutions as visualized by cryo-TEM are striking. The application of ultrafast spectroscopy and non-linear spectroscopy to the JA in low-temperature glassy matrices combined with theoretical analysis has revealed special features as well as a common feature of the J-aggregate derived from different dyes. A beautiful ring structure of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules in the antenna system of photosynthetic bacteria has been mentioned in connection with the JA of organic dye molecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (4585K) -
Akihiro YABUSHITA, Masahiro KAWASAKI2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 320-325
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWater exists as snow in the cold regions on the earth, as ice clouds in the upper atmosphere, and as interstellar ice dusts in the universe. The photochemical reactions of adsorbed molecules in snow or on ice particles induce environmental atmospheric reactions and astrochemical reactions. Atmospheric reactions in the polar regions, ozone depletion in the high altitude of atmosphre, creation of life on the earth, all these phenomena are related to the photochemical reactions insnow and on ice surfaces. In this paper, recent topics on these inhomogeneous photochemical reactions are reviewed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2364K) -
Tatsuto Yui, Katsuhiko TAKAGI2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 326-340
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, organic/inorganic hybrid compounds have been actively investigated due to the unique characteristics of the organic guest and inorganic host interactions such as chemical and thermal stability, self-assembling structural properties, control of the molecular orientations, structural rigidity, and highly functional surface activities. Moreover, laminate type inorganic layered host materials have been observed to accommodate various guest molecules to form an alternate stacking sandwich-type structure. In the present review, the photochemical properties of organic/inorganic laminate type hybrid compounds including clays and layered semiconductors have been comprehensively reviewed, as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the general properties of various organic/inorganic hybrid compounds; Chapter 2 discusses the unique properties of clay minerals as a representative laminate type material; Chapter 3 shows the structure and properties of organic/clay hybrid compounds; Chapter 4 presents the photochemical and photophysical properties of organic dye/clay hybrids; Chapter 5 explains the photofunctional properties of layered semiconductors; and Chapter 6 summarizes the properties of various other inorganic layered materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (4907K) -
Yoshihiro NAKATO2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 341-348
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTitanium dioxide (TiO2) has been attracting much attention as one of key photo-functional materials in various application fields such as solar water splitting, photocatalysis for environmental cleaning, and dye-sensitized solar cells. For realizing successful applications, the improvement of performance by basic studies such as atomic-scale structural control and elucidation of molecular mechanisms of photo-reactions at the TiO2 surface is quite important. In the present paper, we will outline recent results of the basic studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (4330K) -
Yasuro NIIDOME, Sunao YAMADA2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 349-354
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGold or silver nanoparticles have characteristic absorption bands in the ultraviolet near infrared region due to surface plasmon oscillation of free electrons. Thus, they show clear colors such as blue and red. Spectroscopic properties of those nanoparticles depend on the morphology of the single particle as well as the agglomerates. Recently, various methods for the preparation of nanoparticle-doped thin films have been developed, and their optical applications have been increasing interests. In this article, preparation and dichroic properties of gold- or silver-nanoparticle-doped films are described, together with some photonics applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (4445K) -
Masahiro TSUNOOKA, Kanji SUYAMA, Haruyuki OKAMURA, Masamitsu SHIRAI2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 355-366
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this review, we describe the development of photoacid and photobase generators and their application to novel photosensitive polymers mainly developed by our research group. Topics on photoacid generators; i) photosensitizers for photoinduced-cationic polymerization, ii) the application of photoacid generators to F2 lithography, and iii) photocrosslinkable polymers having thermally degradable units, are described. Those of photobase generators are i) recent trend of photobase generators, ii) photobase generators generating tertiary amines and their application to photocrosslinking systems, and iii) polymeric photobase generators and their applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (2601K) -
Mitsuru UEDA2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 367-375
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) are widely used as protection and insulation materials because of their excellent properties such as thermal and chemical stabilities low dissipation factor, and a reasonably low dielectric constant. They are also attractive because they simplify processing and avoid the use of photoresist in the microelectric industry. This review introduces the recent advance of PSPIs with emphasis placed on the chemistry responsible for images.View full abstractDownload PDF (2358K) -
Kenichiro NAKAMURA2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 376-383
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious resist characteristics, sensitivity, resolution, etching, and transparency are required for microfabrication technology. Naphtoquinonediazide resins were used as uv resist long time, because of superior characteristics in etching and imaging. However, development of chemically amplified resists have given strong influence to UV lithography. Excimerlaser lithography has been rapidly developed, because of short wavelength and high resolution. Chemically amplified resists can be applied to any excimer laser lithography. ArF resists (193 nm) have been almost completed, while transparency and etching characteristics are requested to be improved for F2 resist (167 nm). However, most of important difficulties in F2 resist will be solved soon. Development of EUV resist (13 nm) is now under way. Resists for microfabrication applied in those fields are summarized.View full abstractDownload PDF (1089K) -
Fumiyuki SHIBA2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 385-389
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA photographic emulsion consists of monodisperse tabular grains having high aspect ratio is an ideal form for high performanace one with high speed and resolution. However, tabular grain is difficult to be monodispersed as predicted by growth kinetics. In this review, progress in the preparation technology of such tabular grains is introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
Akira HASEGAWA2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 390-393
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent papers concerning the electron behavior in silver halide microcrystals are reviewed. Measurement methods and principles, electronic properties of AgCl emulsion grains, the photoelectron lifetime of AgBr1-xIx T grains, and the behavior of photoholes in AgBr grains are described.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Recent Progresses and UnderstandingTadaaki TANI2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 394-399
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent progresses in the mechanism of latent image formation and roles of silver clusters on silver halides were reviewed and arranged to make clear their structures and properties. In addition, discussions were made on the discrimination of the formation between reduction sensitization R and P centers, the difference of P centers from latent sub-image centers, the adequacy of the verification of functions of R and P centers by photoconductivity measurements, usefulness of R centers and two-electron sensitization, and observation of latent image centers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1145K) -
Characterization of Sensitization Centers and Effect of Crystal Face of Silver Halide Emulsion GrainsHiroyuki MIFUNE2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 400-407
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA review was given on recent studies for characterization of sulfur sensitization centers formed on photographic silver halide emulsion grains. These results have supported the idea that sulfur sensitization centers are composed of dimers of silver sulfide. Discussions were made on the formation and behavior of the centers, as influenced by {111} and {100} crystal faces of silver halide grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1540K) -
Mitsuo KAWASAKI2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 408-414
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spectral sensitization by J-aggregates of cyanine dyes is a critical technology in silver halide photo-imaging systems to make silver halides photosensitive in the whole range of visible light. For better understanding the fundamentals of this technology and illuminating its future perspective, a brief review is presented about the recent progress in elucidating 1) the Jaggregate structures on silver halides on a molecular level, 2) electronic characteristics of J-aggregates as compared to monomeric counterparts, and 3) the ultrafast charge transfer dynamics involving the excited-state J-aggregates on silver halidesView full abstractDownload PDF (3728K) -
Kiyokazu MORITA2003 Volume 66 Issue 4 Pages 415-420
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSilver salt photothermographic dry imaging films consist of photosensitive silver halide grains, non-photosensitive silver carboxylates, reducing agents, and silver ion carriers. Compared with conventional wet development systems, a special characteristic of dry systems is that silver images are formed through physical development using silver ions supplied not by silver halides but by such sources as silver carboxylates. The fundamental mechanism of dry image formationconsists of silverion transfer from silver sources and electron transfer from reducing agents (developers). This paper outlines the mechanism of thermal development as drawn from relevant literature and recent research.View full abstractDownload PDF (2277K)
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