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Hirobumi SHIBATA, Tetsuo KISHI2022 Volume 95 Issue 12 Pages 369
Published: December 20, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2022
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (184K)
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Yoshinari ABE, Madoka MURAKUSHI2022 Volume 95 Issue 12 Pages 370-374
Published: December 20, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2022
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSIn ancient times, glass products were not only practical goods but also prized as trading goods for their beauty and rarity. Ancient glassmakers produced colorful glasses using various materials around them. The authors have developed portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers for on-site scientific investigation of cultural heritage and applied them to nondestructive chemical composition analysis of ancient glass products to discuss their production and trade from a scientific point of view. The present review outlines scientific analytical research of ancient glass and introduces the authors’ recent investigation of precious glass products designated as national treasures in Japan.
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Kohei KADONO2022 Volume 95 Issue 12 Pages 375-381
Published: December 20, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2022
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSOne of the most important characteristics of glass as a material is the optical transparency over a wide spectral range. In this paper, optical properties related to this are reviewed. We describe the characteristics of the optical transmission spectra of compounds, i.e., isolators or semiconductors, including glasses, and the factors that determine the wavelengths of the absorption edges at the short and long wavelength sides. Next, we discuss the scattering and refraction phenomena in the transparent region in glasses and finally explain coloration briefly. We also touch on some recent research results.View full abstractDownload PDF (2033K) -
Jumpei UEDA2022 Volume 95 Issue 12 Pages 382-385
Published: December 20, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2022
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSRed glass containing gold nano particles has attracted people because of its vivid red color. Although this glass is called “(gold) ruby glass”, it does not include any ruby crystals. In this study, glass ceramics containing α-Al2O3 crystals were successfully prepared by quenching a mixture of glass composed liquid phase with a solid phase of α-Al2O3 in a ternary system of SiO2-Al2O3-Y2O3. When a small amount of Cr3+ ion is doped to this system, the Cr3+ ions selectively substitute the Al sites of α-Al2O3 and red glass ceramics containing ruby are obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1756K) -
Hiroyuki HIJIYA2022 Volume 95 Issue 12 Pages 386-391
Published: December 20, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2022
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSDue to iron impurities in the raw materials, it is typically difficult to produce industrial glass free of iron. Iron absorbs light in soda-lime glass over a broad wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. However, there are few reports on the relationship between the optical absorption and structure of the surrounding ions.
Herein, the structure of the surrounding iron ions in simplified soda silicate glass with MgO or CaO is examined in detail. Glasses composed of Na2O, SiO2 , and alkaline earth oxides (MgO or CaO) doped with FeO were strongly reduced to focus on the investigation of Fe2+. The surrounding structure of Fe2+ was examined using light, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. The results suggest that Fe2+ ions in Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glass show longer Fe-O bond length and higher degree of distortion of FeO6 octahedra compared with those in Na2O-MgO-SiO2 glass.
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Shingo NAKANE2022 Volume 95 Issue 12 Pages 392-395
Published: December 20, 2022
Released on J-STAGE: December 27, 2022
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSLow thermal expansion glass-ceramics including β-quartz s.s. as the main precipitated crystal have been applied widely, such as in electronic and optical devices, production equipment, and home and cooking appliances. The coloration mechanisms of Fe and V ions in glass-ceramics have been investigated because appearance is important in applications of fire-rated windows and top plates for cookers. It was revealed that the coloration occurs by a coexistence of Ti ion and the ions in residual glass-matrix phases through crystallization processes.
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