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Riichi SAKAZAKI
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
413-421
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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Masanori INOKO, Kyoko ARIISO, Takeo MATSUNO
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
422-427_1
Published: December 05, 1982
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In order to determine the counts of asbestos fibers in alcoholic beverages and tap water, we investigated the suitability of various filters for the collection of asbestos fibers and the use of vacuum evaporation treatment to visualize the fibers by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) together with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDXMA).
The use of a polycarbonate filter and pretreatment by carbon evaporation for SEM-EDXMA allowed asbestos fibers to be discriminated clearly from other fibrous materials. Using this SEM-EDXMA method, the chrysotile asbestos fiber counts in such beverages as sake, beer, wine and drinking water were measured. One sample of imported wine contained two bunches of chrysotile fibers. The chrysotile asbestos fiber counts in most beverages were at the trace or not detectable level.
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Kozo YOSHIDA, Yukitaka YAMAMOTO, Mitsuo FUJIWARA
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
428-433_1
Published: December 05, 1982
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Niacin and nicotinamide, used as color fixatives in foods, were determined separatively by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector at 261nm. These food additives were extracted with water from meat or meat products at room temperature, and analyzed quantitatively by using ion-ion pairing in reverse phase chromatography with octadecyl silane stationary phase and a mixed mobile phase of methanol and 5m
M sodium acetate solution (pH 5) containing 1m
M tetra-
n-butyl ammonium hydroxide (20:100).
Recoveries of the additives from beef, fish, and their products were more than 90%. The detection limits of these additives were 1mg% each, and there was no disturbance to the procedure when 10mg% was added.
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Shizue MATSUSAKI, Atsushi KATAYAMA, Nobuyuki KAWAGUCHI, Kazushige TANA ...
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
434-437_1
Published: December 05, 1982
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Campylobacter jejuni/
coli has recently become a common bacterial cause of enteritis. Many community outbreaks of acute enteritis due to
C. jejuni/
coli have been reported, but only in a few cases contaminated food, or the source and route of the contamination could be identified, because the incubation period is rather long. It is known that this organism is widely carried in domestic animals, poultry and wild animals, but it is not clear whether food is contaminated by
C. jejuni/
coli. We therefore studied the incidence of this organism in food on the market. A total of 345 kinds of food, including 34 samples of chicken, 33 beef, 33 pork, 45 frozen food, 30 delicatessen, 24 vegetables, 80 fishes and shellfishes, 31 milk and 35 other kinds of food were tested.
C. jejuni/
coli was isolated from 14 out of 34 chicken meat samples (41.2%), but was not found in any of the 311 other kinds of food. The isolation rate of
C. jejuni/
coli in chicken meat was very high and thus we checked the frequency of carriage of this organism in chickens: 199 chickens from 4 flocks in 3 poultry farms were tested.
C. jejuni/
coli was isolated from all the chickens in three flocks but in none from the other flock. It seems to be transmitted to all the chickens in a poultry farm if one chicken has been contaminated, and the meat presumably becomes contaminated during the process of handling.
C. jejuni/
coli was not isolated from beef, pork or any other kind of meat product in this survey, but this organism is widely carried in domestic animals, and so these kinds of food may be contaminated by
C. jejuni/
coli.
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Yoshiteru ASAI, Hideo KUWAHIRA, Kousou SHIMODA, Katsuya SATO
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
438-443_1
Published: December 05, 1982
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A method was developed for rapid microanalysis of residual hydrogen peroxide in foods: milk, natural cheese, Japanese noodles, kamaboko (fish paste), shirasu (boiled and semidried whitebait), and kazunoko (herring roe).
The procedure includes the following steps; sampling (20g), homogenizing (solid sample), adding 40% trichloroacetic acid solution, centrifuging (3000rpm, 5min), filtration (TOYO No. 5c), and color development. Residual hydrogen peroxide was determined by spectrophotometry at 480nm, after adding ferrous sulfate and ammonium thiocyanate to the extracted solution.
The calibration curve of hydrogen peroxide was linear in the range of 0.1 to 3.0μg/ml. The detection limit was 0.05ppm in the samples (whole base). The ferrous sulfate reagent used must be essentially free from ferric ion (0.005% or less).
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Nagao HAYASHI, Mineko USHIJIMA, Yohko TERAOKA, Akio TANIMURA, Hiroshi ...
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
444-450_1
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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In Vitro culture of 49 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the stomach of monkeys was carried out to identify those with the ability to form nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in GAM broth containing sodium nitrite (1000ppm) and dimethylamine (500ppm). The medium was adjusted to pH 6.
The results were as follows:
1) Of the 49 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including the family
Bacteroidaceae (dominant strains in the stomach), the following 18 strains were recognized as NDMA-forming bacteria:
Bacteroides coagulans (2 strains),
B. melaninogenieus ss.
melaninogenicus (2 strains),
B. corrodens (1 strain),
Fusobacterium nucleatum (5 strains),
Bacteroidaceae spp. (5 strains),
Eubacterium lentum (2 strains), and
Peptostreptococcus sp. (1 strain).
2) Comparative studies of the rate of NDMA formation and the pH dependence indicated that the rate of NDMA formation by the anaerobic NDMA-forming bacteria was (1.1 to 1.5 times) higher than that in the blank culture and the pH was unchanged, while the aerobic strains, except for
Neisseria sicca and
Streptococcus equi showed a rate two to three times higher than that of the blank culture and the pH apparently decreased to a final pH of about 5.5 (5.1 to 5.9).
3) Studies on NDMA formation in GAM broth with 0.3% glucose or in brain heart infusion with 0.2% glucose showed that anaerobic NDMA-forming strains were non-glucose fermenters, whereas aerobic ones were glucose fermenters and oxidizers. It was concluded that there was no specific relationship between NDMA formation and the utilization of glucose.
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Toshihiro NAGAYAMA, Motohiro NISHIJIMA, Kazuo YASUDA, Kazuo SAITO, His ...
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
451-455_1
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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The behavior of bromate in laboratory-prepared bread containing potassium bromate was investigated under various conditions.
After the manufacturing processes, essentially no bromate remained in the bread when a normal amount of bromate was used. Nevertheless, when more than 40μg/g as HBrO
3 was added to flour, the residual bromate increased with increase in the amount of bromate added. The residual bromate principally remained close to the surface of the bread. On heating at 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 210°C for 30 minutes, the bromate was little decomposed. Flour, dry yeast and saccharose promoted the loss of bromate during the manufacture of bread; in particular, the reaction with gluten in flour was a major factor in the loss of bromate.
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Studies on Residual Paddy Herbicides in Fish and Shellfish. III
Nobutoshi SATO, Sigeru SUZUKI, Eriko KAMO, Keigo TAKATSUKI, Isamu USHI ...
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
456-461_1
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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Some unknown substances which could be detected with high sensitivity by NP-FID/GC were found in extracts from fish and shellfish collected during May and June.
The acetonitrile extracts from fish and shellfish were diluted with distilled water and re-extracted with
n-hexane. These extracts were purified by silica gel and AgNO
3-florisil column chromatography, then subjected to GC/MS. The unknown peaks were identified as paddy herbicides widely used in Japan. They were
S-ethyl hexahydro-1
H-azepine-1-carbothioate (Molinate), S-
p-chlorobenzyl diethylthiocarbamate (Benthiocarb) and 2-chloro-2′, 6′-diethyl-
N-butoxymethyl acetanilide (Butachlor).
The analytical method, consisting of acetonitrile extraction,
n-hexane re-extraction and clean-up by AgNO
3-florisil column chromatography, showed recoveries of 91-112% for each herbicide.
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Kiyomi KIKUGAWA, Yuko OHHASHI, Tsutao KURECHI
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
462-467_1
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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The reaction of sesamol dimer (S. D.) with hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase to produce blue-colored S. D. -quinone was applied to the colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide in foodstuffs. The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with 1μ
M horseradish peroxidase-0.3m
M S. D. was complete after treatment at pH 7 and room temperature for 10min. The formation of S. D. -quinone was little affected by pH, reaction temperature or reaction time, if the reaction was performed in the dark. S. D. -quinone produced was extracted with chloroform for absorbance measurement. Turbid substances in the extract of foodstuffs could be removed by the chloroform extraction. The plot of absorbance of the chloroform extract at 550nm
vs. hydrogen peroxide concentration (up to 3.4ppm) was linear. The lowest limit of hydrogen peroxide that could be estimated was about 0.5ppm. The recoveries of hydrogen peroxide added to noodles and agar-agar were good by this method.
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Studies on the Teratogenicity of Food Additives. VI
Satoru TANAKA, Kunio KAWASHIMA, Shinsuke NAKAURA, Akira TAKANAKA, Yosh ...
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
468-473_1
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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Thiabendazole, 2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole, was given to pregnant Wistar rats during days 7 to 17 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% in the diet
ad libitum, and its teratogenic effect was examined.
At the dose levels of 0.25% and above, maternal body weight gain and food consumption were significantly suppressed, and some clinical signs of toxicity, including piloerection, listlessness or general weakness, were observed in the pregnant rats given the two highest dose levels. There was no evidence of fetal malformations attributable to thiabendazole ingested, though some apparent changes of fetuses, such as a decrease in body weight, an increase in the incidences of fetal death and skeletal variations or a retardation of ossification state, were observed at the three highest dose levels. These fetal changes were considered to be induced not only by direct effects of thiabendazole on the fetuses but also by secondary effects due to the marked decrease in maternal food consumption.
Thiabendazole at the dose level of 0.125% in the diet was considered to have no effect on pregnant rats or on fetal development.
It is concluded that thiabendazole has no teratogenic effect in rats under the present experimental conditions, though the compound, at high dose levels, elicited some apparently adverse effects on dams and fetuses.
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Masakiyo UNO, Tsukuru OKADA, Munetoshi NOZAWA, Kaoru TANIGAWA
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
474-479_1
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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A method was developed for the determination of individual ethylene-
bis-dithiocarbamates (Zineb, Maneb, Mancozeb and Polycarbamate) in agricultural products.
This analytical method consists of four procedures; washing or wiping with 10% surface active agent solution, filtration through a Millipore filter, acidic hydrolysis in the presence of stannous chloride and quantitative measurement of carbon disulfide, ethylenediamine (EDA), dimethylamine (DMA) and bivalent metals [zinc (Zn) or manganese (Mn)].
The fungicides were identified as follow: Zineb was based on Zn and EDA, Maneb was based on Mn and EDA, Mancozeb was based on Mn, Zn and EDA, Polycarbamate was based on Zn and DMA. In this method, recoveries of Zineb, Maneb, Mancozeb and Polycarbamate from five agricultural products fortified at a level of 0.2-2.0ppm averaged 61.0, 54.4, 52.0 and 63.2%, respectively.
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Norihiko MATSUDA, Hiroyuki MASUDA, Masaru KOMAKI, Naoki MATSUMOTO
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
480-486_1
Published: December 05, 1982
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Two types of thermophilic, spore-forming, strict anaerobes were isolated from spoiled canned “
Shiruko” (a kind of soft drink made of red beans and cane sugar) and coffee containing milk which had been produced for retailing through an automatic hot vending machine in the winter season. The spoiled products typically showed no swelling of the can, but had an offensive odor and slightly reduced pH value of the content, as a result of production of acetic acid.
The organisms isolated were identified as
Desulfotomaculum nigrificans (group A) and
Clostridium thermoaceticum (group B). The latter organism, which is not well known in general as a causative organism for spoilage of canned low-acid foods, grew well and sporulated in modified Beerens and Des Rosier's medium consisting of 1% Soytone, 1% yeast extract, 1% glucose, 0.5% sodium chloride, 0.06% L-cysteine hydrochloride and 0.1% agar (pH 7.2) at 55°C.
The values of
z (the slope index of a thermal death time curve) and
D (decimal reduction time) at 121°C were 5.5°C and 2.6 minutes, respectively, for the spores of
D. nigrificans, and 10.0°C and 44.4 minutes for those of
C. thermoaceticum.
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
488
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
489-490
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
490-492
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
492
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
493-496
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
497
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
497a-498
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
498-500
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
500-501
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
501-503
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
503-505
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
505-507
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
507-508
Published: December 05, 1982
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[in Japanese]
1982 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages
508-509
Published: December 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
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