Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)

Decreasing Effect of Honey on Hydroxy Acids in Royal Jelly Products

Masami MATSUI

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 297-300_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.297

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Royal jelly has been used as a material for “health food” and crude drugs. In order to estimate the royal jelly content in various royal jelly products, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), one of the specific fatty acids of royal jelly, has been analyzed by gas chromatography. A survey on commercial royal jelly products containing honey revealed 10-HDA concentrations in the range from 1.03-1.60%, though 10-HDA in fresh royal jelly samples was in the range from 1.84 to 2.50%. 10-Hydroxy decanoic acid contents were 0.60 to 0.78%.
The 10-HDA concentration in honey-containing royal jelly products was less than in fresh royal jelly samples. Therefore, experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the decrease of 10-HDA concentration and time in samples of 0.20% 10-HDA with 10.0% honey in neutral aqueous solution and 10.0% fresh royal jelly with 10.0% honey in neutral aqueous solution. The concentration of 10-HDA in the former sample decreased to 0.04% (initially 0.20%) after 90 days, while that in the latter sample decreased to 0.14% (initially 0.20%).

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Determination of Bromate in Foods by Gas Chromatography

Takao MITSUHASHI, Kazuhiko ADACHI, Yoshio KANEDA

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 301-305_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.301

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A sensitive method was developed for the quantitative determination of bromate in foods such as wheat flour, bread and fish paste products by gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD).
Bromate was extracted with water from samples, and the extract was mixed with acetone to remove proteins. After centrifugation, bromate in the supernatant was absorbed on an Amberlite CG-400 (acetate form) resin column. The column was washed with 50% acetic acid, then the bromate was eluted with 10% sodium sulfate solution. The eluate was transferred to a separatory funnel, to which acetylacetone (2, 4-pentanedione), potassium bromide and sulfuric acid were added successively. Bromine generated from the reaction of bromate with bromide was converted quantitatively to the bromo derivative of acetylacetone. The derivative, 3-bromo-2, 4-pentanedione, was extracted with n-hexane and determined by ECD-GC.
In this method, the recoveries of bromate from wheat flour, bread and fish paste products were in the range of 97.4-102%, and the determination limit was 0.05μg/g.

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Determination of Tetrodotoxin in Puffer Fish and Shellfish by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Yuichi FUCHI, Sumie MORISAKI, Tadashi NAGATA, Koji SHIMAZAKI, Tamao NO ...

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 306-312_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.306

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A high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in puffer fish and shellfish was developed. Puffer ovary or other sample was extracted with 0.1% acetic acid, and defatted with dichloromethane. After being cleaned up by a Sep-pak C₁₈ cartridge and a cation-exchange cartridge, the extract was analyzed for TTX and related substances by Nagashima's HPLC method with some modifications.
Recoveries of authentic TTX added to puffer fish tissues and trumpet shell digestive gland were more than 95.0% and 80.4%, respectively. The determination limit of TTX in this method was 0.2μg/g (0.9MU/g) for puffer fish tissues and 0.5μg/g (2.3MU/g) for trumpet shell digestive gland.

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Biochemical and Biological Properties of Motile Aeromonas Isolated from Aquatic Environments

Katsuyuki ISHIMURA, Kozo SAIKI, Hidekazu KAWAMOTO, Kazutaka HIRASAKI, ...

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 313-319_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.313

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A total of 97 strains of motile Aeromonas species were isolated from 42 (55.3%) out of 76 aquatic environmental samples. Sampling sites included rivers, wells and coastal sea. Fiftyeight strains from 10 samples, 17 from 11 and 11 from 10 samples were identified as Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, and A. sobria, respectively. The species of the remaining 11 isolates from 10 samples have not been identified so far.
All isolates of A. hydrophila and A. sobria, and 2 of A. caviae, were shown to be lysine decarboxylase-positive by means of the ninhydrin test. All isolates but one were sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and gentamicin, but the majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin.
All A. hydrophila isolates exhibited hemolytic activity, 94% were cytotoxic and 53% were found to be enterotoxic. For A. sobria, 82% were hemolytic, 91% were cytotoxic and 73% showed enterotoxic activity. These biological activities, however, were inactivated by heat treatment at 56°C for 10min. None of the isolated A. caviae showed these activities.
SDS-PAGE profiles of whole-cell preparations of 62 Aeromonas isolates showed common major bands as well as specific bands within genus and species. This result suggests the possibility of distinguishing species by this method.

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Mechanisms Involved in the Detoxification of Pufferfish Liver during the Traditional Cooking

Yuichi FUCHI, Tamao NOGUCHI, Toshio SAITO, Sumie MORISAKI, Satoshi NAK ...

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 320-324_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.320

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Using toxic pufferfish livers, attempts were made to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the detoxification of toxic pufferfish livers during the traditional cooking in the Oita district.
1) During the “pressing and washing” process, a portion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) contained was eliminated simply by accelerated extraction.
2) During the subsequent “100°C-heating” process, another portion of TTX was extracted and the remaining TTX gradually showed a series of structural changes: TTX→anhydro-TTX (much less toxic)→tetrodonic acid (non toxic).
3) The presence of an intermediate substance, via which anhydro-TTX was transformed into tetrodonic acid, was suggested.

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Determination of Chlorides and Sulfates in Food Colors by Ion Chromatography

Yukihiro GODA, Toshiko TAKANO, Kyoko SATO, Mieko KAMIKURA, Kunitoshi Y ...

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 325-330_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.325

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A non-suppressed ion chromatographic (IC) method with monitoring of conductivity is described for the determination of soluble chlorides and sulfates in food colors and their aluminum lakes (Al-L).
Each color dissolved in water was ion-chromatographed directly with eluent containing phthalic acid (2.5mM) and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (2.4mM). The recoveries of sodium chloride (0.474μg) and sodium salfate (0.562μg) added to food color standards (each 20μg) were in the range of 98.4-103.2% and 100.5-103.7%, respectively.
The solution of soluble chlorides and sulfates from each food color Al-L was prepared by a modification of the standard procedure specified in the Japanese Standards of Food Additives 5th ed. (JSFA-V) and applied to IC under the same conditions as used for food colors. The recoveries of sodium chloride (0.292mg) and sodium salfate (0.296mg) added to commercially available food color Al-L (50mg) were in the range of 86.0-96.3% and 71.0-88.2%, respectively.
Compared with the standard method specified in JSFA-V, the IC method showed smaller standard deviations and better recoveries. In addition, the IC method is a simple and simultaneous analysis for soluble chlorides and sulfates. Therefore, it appears that the IC method is suitable as a substitute for the standard method, which is time-consuming and requires considerable care in the analysis.

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Antibacterial Action of Ascorbic Fatty Acid Esters

Sachiko Kato, Hisashi Kobayashi, Tadao Watanabe

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 331-335_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.331

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Antibacterial and antioxidative actions of ascorbyl caprate (AC), ascorbyl laurate (AL), ascorbyl myristate (AM) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) synthesized by the authors and also ascorbyl stearate (AS) obtained commercially were investigated.
AC, AL and AM showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus, but AP and AS did not. None of the esters, on the other hand, had such action against E. coli, but AC displayed antibacterial activity against E. coil when sodium hexametaphosphate (HP) was added at the same time, and the combination of 0.2% HP and 0.4% AC showed bactericidal activity against E. coll.
Antioxidative activities of AC, AL, AM and AP were as potent as that of AS.

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Comparison of the Fungicidal Effects of Thiabendazole and Its 1-Alkyl Derivatives

Akio TANAKA, Makoto SUNAGAWA

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 336-340_1
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.336

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As a part of a study of the structure-activity relationship of thiabendazole (TBZ), the inhibitory effects of TBZ and 1-alkyl-TBZs (1-methyl-TBZ, 1-ethyl-TBZ, 1-propyl-TBZ and 1-butyl-TBZ) on the growth of nine species of food-borne fungi were examined.
TBZ was shown to have remarkable antifungal activity, but when the 1-position of TBZ was substituted with an alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl), the inhibitory effects significantly decreased in the order of 1-butyl-TBZ, 1-propyl-TBZ, 1-ethyl-TBZ and 1-methyl-TBZ. In particular, 1-methyl-TBZ did not show any inhibitory effect on any of the tested fungi even at the concentration of 1, 000μg/ml. Thus, the antifungal activity of TBZ is affected remarkably by a substituent group at the 1-position in the structure.

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[title in Japanese]

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1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 342-343
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.342

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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 343-345
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.343

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 345-346
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.345

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 346-347
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.346

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 347-349
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.347

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 349-350
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.349

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1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 350-351
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.350

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[title in Japanese]

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1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 351-353
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.351

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[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 353-355
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.353

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[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 355-356
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.355

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[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 356-357
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.356

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[title in Japanese]

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1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 357-359
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.357

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1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 359-360
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.359

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1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 360-361
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.360

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1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 361-362
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.361

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[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 362-363
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.362

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1988 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 363-365
Published: October 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009

DOIhttps://njjn-jsjc-gov-cn-s-1416.res.gxlib.org.cn:443/rwt/1416/https/MSYXTLUQPJUB/10.3358/shokueishi.29.363

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