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Volume 30 (1989)
- Issue 6 Pages 479-
- Issue 5 Pages 351-
- Issue 4 Pages 281-
- Issue 3 Pages 199-
- Issue 2 Pages 123-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 30, Issue 6
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Yasuji KATSUBE, Solchi MARUYAMA1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 479-490
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1644K) -
Osamu NISHIYAMA, Reiko KURITA, Minoru KAJIMOTO, Yohko YASUI, Yoshio KA ...1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 491-495_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA gas chromatographic method for linamarin (LI) determination in raw/dried bean pastes was established.
The sample was extracted with 80% (v/v) acetonitrile (final concentration) and cleaned up by the use of a macroporous ion-exchange resin column. LI was then converted into the trimethylsilyl derivative, which was determined by using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector.
The detection limit by this procedure was LI 0.2μg/g (as hydrogen cyanide) in bean paste. The recovery of LI added at the level of 10 to 100μg/g to a raw/dried sample was more than 91%, and the coefficient of variation was less than 2%.
A survey of commercial bean paste by the use of the present method revealed levels of LI (as hydrogen cyanide) of 0.5-2.3μg/g in four of 14 samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Yoshiko OKAWA, Makoto YOSHIMOTO, Takahisa MIYAMOTO, Shoji HATANO1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 496-500_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmaranth (Food Red No. 2) and Ponceau 3R stimulate in vitro RNA synthesis by causing the dissociation of chromatin in isolated rat-liver nuclei. The effects of these azo dyes and Sunset Yellow FCF (Food Yellow No. 5) on proliferation of mouse embryo culture cells, C3H10T1/2, were studied.
1) When the cells were pretreated for 1hr with S9-untreated azo dyes at concentrations of 0.3, 1.0, and 5mM, the cell growth was slightly reduced by 5mM Ponceau 3R. All the S9-untreated azo dyes inhibited cell growth when added to the medium during cultivation.
2) The 1-hr pretreatment of the cells with S9-treated amaranth and Ponceau 3R at a concentration of 0.3mM temporarily accelerated the cell growth in the early stage of cell proliferation. However, this was not observed when these S9-treated azo dyes were added to the medium during cultivation.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Masayuki FUJITA, Takumi YOSHIZAWA1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 501-505_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElicitor activities of four mycotoxins, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and ochratoxin A, for phytoalexin induction in sweet potato discs were investigated. Of these mycotoxins, T-2 toxin induced the largest amount of phytoalexins, including ipomeamarone and ipomeamaronol. The minimun amount of T-2 toxin for the induction was estimated to be 5μg of T-2 toxin per disc (about 5ppm), and the amount of phytoalexins reached the highest level at more than about 40μg of T-2 toxin. The phytoalexins induced by individual mycotoxins apparently differed from one another not only in their contents but also in their compositions.
In the time course of the accumulation of phytoalexins after T-2 toxin treatment, two maxima were observed at 15hr and at 48hr after treatment, suggesting that the toxin might be converted into a metabolite possessing a stronger elicitor activity. Each trichothecene mycotoxin was metabolized in the sweet potato tissues to give an unknown compound more hydrophilic than the corresponding parent toxin. On the other hand, at least five metabolites of ochratoxin A were found on thin layer chromatograms of the extracts from the toxintreated tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (2101K) -
Kazue TATSUGUCHI, Jiroh SAKAMOTO, Jea-Kyum LEE, Masakazu TSUTSUMI1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 506-511_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe combined antimicrobial effect of glycine and sodium chloride against Escherichia coli IFO3301 was examined in terms of membrane damage. The cellular materials, protein, phospholipid, lipopolysaccharide and 260nm-absorbing materials, leaked from the cells treated with glycine proportionally to the glycine concentration. The leakage was suppressed by the addition of sodium chloride. On the other hand, the largest leakage was observed when the cells grown in 2% sodium chloride-containing medium were treated with glycine. Consequently, the antimicrobial activity of glycine and sodium chloride was not enhanced in the case of combined treatment, but that of glycine was enhanced by the change of the bacterial surface caused by prior sodium chloride treatment during cell growth.
The observations by electron microscopy also supported the above results. The membrane of the cells treated with sodium chloride was intact, although a remarkable plasmolysis was observed. On treatment of the cells grown in sodium chloride-containing medium with glycine, extensive blebbing of the membrane and extracellular vesicles was found. The results reflect the injury to the membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (7262K) -
Kazue TATSUGUCHI, Jiroh SAKAMOTO, Jea-Kyum LEE, Masakazu TSUTSUMI1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 512-517_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe combined antimicrobial effect of glycine and sodium chloride against Escherichia coli was studied by examining the effects of glycine and/or sodium chloride on the membrane components, protein and phospholipid. The membrane proteins from the cells treated with glycine and/or sodium chloride were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No change of membrane protein composition was detected. The cells of E. coli were labeled with 14C-acetate, and were treated with glycine and/or sodium chloride. The labeled membrane phospholipid was analyzed by TLC, and the radioactivities of the respective lipid spots were measured. Cardiolipin (CL) content in phospholipid was increased by treatment with sodium chloride. Glycine had no effect on phospholipid composition, but combined treatment with glycine and sodium chloride further enhanced the increase of CL. In contrast, free fatty acid (FFA) increased instead of CL when cells grown in sodium chloride- or glycine-containing medium were treated with glycine or sodium chloride. CL, diphosphatidylglycerol, is a membrane stabilizer. FFA is a degradation product of membrane phospholipid, and perturbs the membrane.
From the above results and these facts, we concluded that the combined antimicrobial effects of glycine and sodium chloride against Escherichia coli resulted from damage to the membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (3043K) -
Hiroko NARITA, Norinaga MIWA, Sousuke AKAHANE, Hideto MASUMOTO, Shuji ...1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 518-521_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dominant bacteria were isolated from the intestines of the trumpet shell Charonia sauliae collected from two sites along Suruga Bay, Shizuoka Prefecture. The bacteria were cultured and centrifuged to harvest cells, which were lyzed and examined for TTX and related substances by HPLC and GC/MS. The results obtained showed that several strains of Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter produced TTX and/or related substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K) -
Hiroko NARITA, Hideto MASUMOTO, Shuji MIZUNO, Tamao NOGUCHI, Toshio SA ...1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 522-525_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious tissues were excised from the gastropod mollusc Charonia sauliae and examined for tetrodotoxin (TTX) toxicity. In addition to the digestive gland (known to be toxic), the ovary also was toxic in some specimens, with the highest value being 199MU/g.
Toxins were partially purified from both these tissues, and analyzed for composition by HPLC. The toxins from digestive gland were composed almost exclusively of TTX, whereas those from ovary featured the presence of appreciable amounts of anhydro TTX and 4-epi TTX, in addition to TTX. Toxins from two gastropods (frog shell Tutufa lissostoma and “araregai” Niotha clathrata) run for reference, contained another toxin, considered to be tetrodonic acid, as well.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
Studies on the Routes of Chlordane Contamination of Humans (1st report)Shuzo TAGUCHI, Tsumoru YAKUSHIJI, Yoshimasa KONISHI, Takahiro NISHIMUN ...1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 526-533_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the diet of Japanese housewives, a survey of daily chlordane intake was carried out in order to clarify the degree of contribution of various routes of contamination. Forty-two samples from six housewives for seven days were analyzed for chlordane complex (6 compounds) and six other organochlorines.
Medians of the daily intake observed were 0.69μg (DDE), 0.50μg (total chlordane), 0.48μg (PCB), 0.19μg (HCB), 0.17μg (DDT), 0.11μg (heptachlorepoxide) and 0.01μg (dieldrin). As with PCB, HCB and DDT complex, chlordane intakes were related to the amount of marine products eaten, which shows that human exposure to chlordane is rooted in fish contamination by the chemical. High residue levels of DDT were found in 3 of 42 diet samples. The origin of DDT was deduced to be spanish mackerel from duplicate portion samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Takahisa MIYAMOTO, Yea-Ing SHEU, Harufumi MIWA, Shoji HATANO1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 534-541_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA rapid assay method for some Vibrio species including Vibrio parahaemolyticus was developed. The assay involved the enrichment culture of Vibrio species in BSP-HP medium (0.2% bacto-tryptone, 2% sodium chloride, 250 units/ml polymyxin B sulfate, 0.025% sodium hexametaphosphate, pH 8.5) and the specific measurement of intracellular trypsin-like activity by using the fluorogenic substrate benzoyl-L-arginine-7-aminomethylcoumarin. In BSP-HP medium, growth and trypsin-like activity of bacteria other than V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi were suppressed. Although trypsin-like enzyme in food samples interfered with the fluorogenic assay, the interference could be overcome by the addition of 1mM EDTA to the reaction mixture. Using this fluorogenic assay with commercial seafoods, 400 cells of V. parahaemolyticus per gram of food sample were detected within 8hr. Trypsinlike activity measured by the assay was proportional to the number of V. parahaemolyticus determined by the conventional BTB teepol agar plating method (correlation coefficient r=0.97). In the medium, V. alginolyticus, one of the V. parahaemolyticus-allied bacteria, and V. harveyi also showed vigorous growth and high trypsin-like activity. A more specific culture condition for V. parahaemolyticus is required, and further investigation is in progress.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
Yoshiya OISHI, Takahiro ODA1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 542-547_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo establish why a synthetic antibacterial, “nicarbazin”, is often detected in commercial eggs, three groups of chickens were bred with feed containing nicarbazin until they grew up and laid eggs. The results were as follows.
1) Chickens were given feed containing 125ppm of nicarbazin for 70 days after birth and then control feed until laying of eggs. No nicarbazin was found in the eggs.
2) Chickens were given feed containing 125ppm of nicarbazin for 100 days after birth and then control feed until laying of eggs. No nicarbazin was found in the eggs.
3) Chickens were given feed containing 0.45-1.1ppm of nicarbazin every day after birth. Nicarbazin amounting to 0.25ppm was found in the eggs.
In another experiment, laying hens were given nicarbazin-containing feed (1.0, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05ppm) for ten days, and then control feed for ten days. A comparatively high concentration of nicarbazin was found in the eggs in the case of nicarbazin 1.0ppm-containing feed. The concentration ratio (nicarbazin in whole egg/nicarbazin in feed×100) of nicarbazin was found to be 22.6% on average, and nicarbazin in the eggs disappeared within approximately ten days. Nicarbazin was barely detectable in the eggs in the cases of 0.1 and 0.05ppm-nicarbazin-containing feed.
Nicarbazin in feed for laying hens should be below 0.1ppm to avoid the appearance of residues in the eggs.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Masahiko IWAMA, Teiichi TOJIMA, Youji IITOI, Nobue TAKAHASHI, Yusuke K ...1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 548-551_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of capsaicin on the drug-metabolizing systems were investigated in rat liver. Capsaicin (50mg/kg b. w., p. o.) produced no alteration of the appearance and body weight for a period of 14 days. The sleeping time induced by pentobarbital (50mg/kg b. w., i. p.), which is an index of the mixed function oxidase system activity, was prolonged in the rats given capsaicin. However, the cytochrome P-450 content and aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase in vitro activities were almost unchanged in the rats treated with capsaicin. On the other hand, the activities of conjugation enzymes, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly reduced by the capsaicin treatment.
These results suggest that capsaicin can increase the toxicity of many xenobiotics by decreasing both phase I and II reactions in drug metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
Kazue MOGAMI, Kazuo SHIOMI, Hideaki YAMANAKA, Takeaki KIKUCHI1989 Volume 30 Issue 6 Pages 552-555_1
Published: December 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeavy metals (Al, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, Pb) contents in muscles of codfishes (8 species) and sharks (4 species), which are important raw materials for fish paste products, were determined by either inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrometry.
As compared to the previously reported values for other fishes, arsenic, mercury and cadmium contents in the muscles of both codfishes and sharks were considerably high.
When the muscles were subjected to water-washing, which is an essential procedure in the manufacture of fish paste products, their As and Cd contents decreased due to the leakage into the water, but the Hg content was substantially unchanged. In accordance with these results, the As and Cd contents were found to be very low in commercial fish paste products.
However, among the commercial fish paste products examined, those made from shark muscles contained large amounts of Hg.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K)
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