In order to evaluate the influence of mixing feces and urine on offensive odor in swine house, daily emission of ammonia, sulfur compounds and VFA from swine feces and feces-urine mixture was investigated. Mixtures of feces (400g) and different amounts of urine (0g, 400g, 800g) were placed in a laboratory -scale equipment (16.5l vessel). Headspaces of these vessels were ventilated at a rate of 550 ml/min for 24 hours at 20°C. The concentration of ammonia, sulfur compounds and VFA in exhaust air from each vessel was measured every 6 hours. Furthermore, total emission of ammonia was measured by ammonia trap in 2N sulfuric acid through which the exhaust air passed. Moisture, pH, NH₄-N and total nitrogen contents in the mixture were measured at the initial and final time of the experiment. A higher urine addition increased pH and NH₄-N content of final material, as compared to those of initial material. A higher urine addition increased total ammonia emission which amounted 0.28, 28.04, 73.83mg/24 hours from 0g, 400g, 800g of urine mixture, respectively. Ammonia concentrations in the exhaust were 1.1, 202.5, 480.0ppm at the final time respectively. On the contrary, a higher urine addition decreased VFA emission. No interaction was observed between sulfur compounds emission and additional ratio of urine. High positive correlation of R²=0.9804 was found between ammonia emissions and the quantity of nitrogen from urine. Thus, it is indicated that nitrogen from urine determines daily emission of ammonia from feces-urine mixture in case that quantity of feces, temperature, and ventilation rate are fixed.

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The measurement of cortisol in miniature pig blood plasma was examined with an enzymeimmunoassay where peroxidase was used as the enzyme labeling hormone. The antiserum used was Cortisol-3-CMO-HRP for the enzyme labeling hormone with respect to Cortisol-3-CMO-BSA. The proper dilution magnification of antiserum is 201, 000-242, 000 times, and 200, 000 times was used. Standardcurve was in the range of 0.01-50ng, and coefficient of variation (n=6) of the combination rate was 2.32-11.67%. Measurement sensitivity was 0.012ng/well. Recovery rates of cortisol in miniature pig blood plasma was 96.0±5.5% of the averages and the coefficient of variation was 10.4%. Inter-assay coefficient of variation of 3 kinds of male miniature pig plasma (n=6) in which the concentration of cortisol was different from was 5.4-8.8%, which were 7.2% of the averages, and the intra-assay coefficient of variation was 6.7-11.4%, which were 9.0% of the averages. Cortisol concentration in miniature pig blood plasma until the fifth day was measured from the end of pregnancy to post partum by using this method. It tended to it increase gradually the day as the delivery date approached, and the highest value was shown on the day of delivery at 90.4ng/ml, and three days later decreased to about 25ng/ml. From thease resorts, it was possible that Cortisol concentration in miniature pig blood plasma by using this method.

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The 5'-nucleotides (CMP, IMP, UMP, IMP, GMP) of pig's milks obtained from 11 pigs after the parturition, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the same time, the growth condition of piglets were monitored during lactation period.
Nucleotides concentrations varied widely among individuals. Experimental pigs were divided into two groups, high nucleotides group and low nucleotides group. High nucleotides group contained more than 200μmol/100ml of total nucleotides and low nucleotides group contained about 150μmol/100ml of total nucleotides in the milk. In high and low nucleotides groups, maximum average concentrations of 5-nucleotides were 250±92μmol/100ml and 102±78μmol/100ml respectively, which were attained in next day of parturition. The concentrations of UMP, AMP, GMP and IMP were decreased as time proceeded. After 22 days of parturition, total nucleotides concentrations became almost same values in both groups and were 32±22μmol/100ml and 33±15μmol/100ml respectively. UMP concentration was dominated among 5-nucleotides composition during whole lactation period.
No weak piglet weighed under 1kg at the birth was found in high nucleotides group whereas 18% piglets were found weak in low nucleotides group. Medical treatment due to diarrhea and weakness were not needed in high nucleotides group whereas frequency of medical treatments was three times higher in low nucleotides group. Due to weakness, 50% mortality was observed in low nucleotides group and in contrast, essentially mortality was not observed in high nucleotides group. These results suggested that nucleotides in pig milk might play some important roles on the development of piglet.

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We examined the effects of standard or low population densities on growth and carcass characteristics, as well as fatty acid composition in lipid and muscle tissue in pigs. Eighteen female three-way crossbred pigs (Landrace × Large White × Duroc) were used.
The pigs were divided into two groups of 9; standard density group (three pigs per group, 0.93m² breeding area per pig) and low density group (three pigs per group, 2.46m² breeding area per pig). Initially, all of them fed the feed for growing stage between approximately 30 to 65kg of body weight, and then the food for finishing stage of fattening pig until about 105kg of body weight under the each population densities.
There was no significant difference in daily weight gain, feed conversion and the experimental period between pigs fed in a low density group and standard density gropup. In contrast, for dressed carcass performance, the carcass length and back and loin length I and II in the standard density group were significantly longer than those of the low density group (P<0.05). Further, back fat thickness (middle and loin) in the standard density group was significantly thinner (P<0.05). In the test for meat color according to the pork color standard of the livestock experimental station, the standard density group showed a significantly darker value than that in the low density group (P<0.05). Moreovers, the ratio of high-grade meat was significantly lower in the standard density group.
For perirenal fat and intermuscular fat, C18:2 and the C18:2/C18:0 of standard density group were significantly higher than those of low density group (P<0.05), and in intramuscular fat, C18:0 of standard density group was significantly lower than that of low density group (P<0.05). Furthermore, C18:2 and C18:2/C18:0 in back fat and intramuscular fat of standard density group were higher than those of low density group, though there were no significant differences. Our results suggest that fat becomes softer in pigs fed in a standard density group.

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