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Volume 17 (1976)
- Issue 6 Pages 401-
- Issue 5 Pages 337-
- Issue 4 Pages 283-
- Issue 3 Pages 219-
- Issue 2 Pages 137-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 17, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Yotaku GYOBU, Hirohide KODAMA1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 219-226_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study Was aimed at obtaining a suitable medium for enterotoxin production and sporulation by Clostridium perfringens. Using both heat-stable (NCTC 8798) and heatlabile (TCW-224-1) strains, various nutritional ingredients were taken into considaration for enterotoxin production as well as sporulation.
1. Various peptones, carbohydrates and meat infusions were examined for enterotoxin production, among which polypeptone S (Daigo), soluble starch and chicken meat infusion had the most enhancing effects on enterotoxin production. The appropriate pH range after cultivation was from 4.8 to 6.8, 6.2 being optimum.
2. From the results described above, a new medium having following composition was established. Soluble starch, 5g; NaCl, 5g; Na2HPO4, 5g; FeCl3·6H2O, 10mg; sodium thioglycolate, 1g; in 1 liter chicken meat infusion. The pH of chicken meat infusion was adjusted to 7.5, autoclaved and filtered before the addition of other ingredients. This new medium was filtered after heating and autoclaved as usual.
3. When various kinds of media were used, enterotoxin production by NCTC 8798 strain was detectable at spore numbers as small as 10/ml in culture, and the amount of enterotoxin seemed to increase as spore numbers increased. In a few instances, however, no enterotoxin was detected even at spore numbers of 105-7/ml in culture, meaning that, when enterotoxin is well produced, good sporulation usually occurs in the medium, and that the reverse is not always true. This implies that the quality of spores in addition to quantity or the degree of maturation in the sporulation stage, must also be taken into account for the enterotoxin production by this organism.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
Hideaki MIYATA, Akio NAKAMURA, Takashi KASHIMOTO1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 227-230_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSModified analytical methods by Vos and Poter et al. were used for the separation of polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) from Japanese commercial PCBs (Kanechlors) which were used in large quantities in Japan. Di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa and heptachlorodibenzofurans were detected on Kanechlors by GC-MS analysis. Total PCDF concentrations were 9, 33, 4 and 4ppm in Kanechlor 300 (KC-300), Kanechlor 400 (KC-400), Kanechlor 500 (KC-500) and Kanechlor 600 (KC-600), respectively. In addition, to investigate the possibility that PCDFs were formed during the usage of PCB as heat transfer medium, KC-400 was put into a pyrexglass ample and heated on a gas chromatograph oven. However, PCDFs did not generate by heating for 15 days at 300°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Kenji ISSHIKI, Tadao WATANABE1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 231-235_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clean-up methods and the gas-liquid chromatography for piperonyl butoxide (PB) were investigated to establish the analytical method of PB in agricultural products.
PB extracted with chloroform from sample was eluted from a Florisil column with a mixture of n-hexane, acetone and ethyl ether (3:1:1), and from a silica gel column with a mixture of benzene and chloroform (4:1), subsequently.
The detection and determination of PB were carried out with gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a flameionization detector using silicone OV-1 or SE-30 column.
PB added to cereals and beans was recovered in the range from 80.5 to 101%.View full abstractDownload PDF (548K) -
Potentiation of Urea on the Depressor Action of Formaldehyde in Dog Blood PressureTakayuki TANI, Shyuji SATOH, Hisayo TSUCHIYA, Yoshiya HORIGUCHI, Yutak ...1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 236-240_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to investigate effects of urea on the depressor action of formaldehyde (HCHO) in dog blood pressure and to elucidate the potentiation of urea on the toxicity of HCHO. The transient depressor action of HCHO (4-6mg/kg i. v.) was initially inhibited by intravenous injection of 50mg/kg of urea in dogs. An hour or more following urea administration, however, the inhibitory action was significantly converted to potentiation. On the other hand, the depressor action of HCHO was not inhibited by dimethylolurea (DMU). Nevertheless, in this case also an hour or more was required for the potentiation to occur. These results indicate that an hour or more was required for urea and DMU to affect the response to HCHO in vivo. The depressor actions of other drugs except that of HCHO were not affected by urea. Furthermore, the depressor action of HCHO was never inhibited by various blocking agents. Consequently, it was indicated that the potentiation of urea on the toxicity of HCHO had a high selectivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Yasuro WADA, Kyozo SUYAMA, Susumu ADACHI1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 241-246_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Gerber fat test was carried out on milk samples preserved with potassium dichromate in the concentration range of 0.05-1.50%.
No difference in Gerber fat values was found between the samples which were added with potassium dichromate in the concentration of 0.05-0.15% and the sample without addition of potassium dichromate. However, the Gerber fat values were considerably and remarkably increased with the addition in the concentration of 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively.
In view of the Gas chromatography investigation on constituents of the fat layer developed in the graduated tube of butyrometer, it seems most reasonable to conclude that the fat soluble products from isoamyl alcohol, oxidized by potassium dichromate caused the apparent increase of the fat values.
A modification method that isoamyl alcohol was added to butyrometer after the warming of the reaction mixture of sample and sulfuric acid for 10min. rewarmed for 5min. at 60-65°C, and centrifuged was presented to avoid the apparent increase of the fat value.View full abstractDownload PDF (3302K) -
Distribution, Excretion of Manganese and Its Biological Half Life in Internal OrgansKin-ichi ONODA, Akira HASEGAWA, Shinsuke NAKAURA, Akira TAKANAKA, Goro ...1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 247-252_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA solution of 54MnCl2 (71μCi/0.32mg MnCl2/2ml/kg) was injected intravenously to 7 groups of 5 male rats, and the distribution of 54Mn was investigated by the measurement of radioactivities in the organs and tissues at 3 hours, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 113 days after dosing. Using some of the above mentioned groups of rats, the retention and excretion of 54Mn were also observed.
A major part of injected 54Mn was excreted rather rapidly in a few days after injection, and 25.3% of dose was retained at 3 days after jnjection. Thereafter, however, the gradual excretion from whole body continued and 1.8% of dose was still remained at 113 days after dosing. The biological half life (BHL) of 54Mn in the whole body was estimated as 31.6 days.
At earlier stage after dosing, thicker distribution was found in pancreas, liver, kidney, salivary gland, adrenal and pituitary, but the radioactive concentrations in these organs were decreased rather rapidly. Reversely, cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata and spinal cord showed their highest accumulation at 3-14 days after dosing, and BHL of 54Mn in these tissues and bone were significantly longer than that in whole body, resulting thicker retention at 113 days after dosing. The fact suggested the possibility of high accumulation of the metal in the case of repeated administration.
In 7 days after dosing 83.6% and 0.5% of dose were excreted to feces and urine respectively. Concerning the distribution of radioactivity in the gastrointestinal tract, thicker concentration was found in the contents of small and large intestine. So, the excretion of the absorbed metal to small intestine via bile tract was regarded as an important route.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Toshimasa SUZUKI, Youji HOSHINO, Yoshinori KIKUCHI, Norihide NOSE, Aki ...1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 253-257_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of sterigmatocystin showed high response to a electron-capture detector, so the micro analysis of sterigmatocystin in cereals was investigated by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detector (ECD-GLC).
The sterigmatocystin was extracted with a mixture of methanol and 1% Sodium chloride solution (55:45) from sample and was re-extracted with chloroform.
After cleaned up by silica gel plus Florisil column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20gel permeation chromatography, it was silylated with N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide in ethyl acetate. The TMS-derivative was determined by ECD-GLC with a column (3mm×50cm) of 2% OV-17 on gas-chrom Q.
The limit of detection by the present method was about 10ppb and recoveries of sterigmatocystin added to various cereals at the level of 40ppb were 82.3-92.0%.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Mitsuo ARAKAKI, Toshihiko ARIYOSHI1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 258-264_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on the liver constituents and the drug metabolizing enzyme system were investigated in rats.
1. In the experiments at a single oral dose of DBP (630 or 1260mg/kg), the glycogen content was decreased only at the high dose, but no effects were observed on the contents of glycogen, triglyceride, microsomal protein and cytochromes, and on the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes.
2. In the repeated oral dose of DBP (630 or 1260mg/kg/day) for 5 days, the ratio of liver weight to body weight was increased in both female and male rats, whereas the increases of cytochrome P-450 content and aniline hydroxylase activity were noted only in male rats. However, the contents of liver triglyceride, phospholipids, and cholesterol were unchanged. On the other hand, serum cholesterol content which showed the tendency to be decreased at the low dose was significantly decreased at the high dose.
3. In the incorporation of 1-14C-acetate into liver and serum lipids after repeated oral dose of DBP (630mg/kg/day) for 5 days in male rats, the incorporation into triglyceride showed tendency to be increased, whereas the incorporation into cholesterol and cholesterol ester remained unchanged in vivo and in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (896K) -
Naomichi KUNISAKI, Yoko SAKAKIBARA, Tadaya TAKEUCHI, Makoto HAYASHI1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 265-269_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDimethylamine was formed from trimethylamine-N-oxide during the caustic alkaline steam distillation in the presence of sugars, nucleosides or nucleotides. The order of effectiveness producing dimethylamine from trimethylamine-N-oxide was as follows: lactose>galactose>glucose>ribose>sucrose>>adenosine≈cytidine>uridine≈adenosine-5′-monophosphate≈cytidine-5′-monophosphate≈adenosine-5′-triphosphate. The formation of dimethylamine from trimethylamine-N-oxide was prevented by decreasing the alkalinity of the sample.
It was advisable to use MgO-alkaline steam distillation to isolate dimethylamine from samples which were likely to be contaminated with trimethylamine-N-oxide. In the case of MgO-alkali, however, the presence of MgCl2 lowered the quantitative recovery of dimethylamine.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Toshiyuki MIURA, Kageaki AIBARA1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 270-272_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to establish a rapid and reliable biological test using chick embryos for estimation of toxicities of various substances contained in foods.
Tetrodotoxin was tested in this experiment. The sample dissolved in acetic acid solution, pH 3.5 was inoculated into air cells or yolk sacs of White Leghorn fertile eggs aged three to seven days and toxicity of the sample was estimated by their mortalities during three days after inoculation. All the chick embryos proved more sensitive to air cell inoculation than yolk sac one, among which five day-old eggs were most sensitive.
Therefore, it is considered that the method with air cell inoculation using five day-old chick embryo is preferable concerning both sensitivity and reliabilty. Moreover, it was found that the chick embryo test was more excellent than the toxicity test using mouse because of its good sensitivity and reproducibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Masakazu TUTUMI, Kazuyo NISHIMURA, Kikuyo YASUI, Asao MATSUOKA, Tadao ...1976 Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages 273-275_1
Published: June 05, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth inhibitory effects of hexametaphosphate, sodium chloride and butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate in the presence of cholate were studied.
Hexametaphosphate exhibited a marked antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive microbes, compared with the activity against Gram-negative microbes.
Furthermore, the presence of cholate in the media caused the decrease of salt tolerance of microbes.
On the other hand, it was proved that the antimicrobial activity of butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate against E. coli decreased in the presence of cholate.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K)
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